介面前额皮层的神经补偿在衰老中保持自我优先级:一种计算方法
Yongfa Zhang1, Yang Sun2, Haixu Wang3
1Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China.
概括
老年人由于保存的证据积累和独特的神经机制,保持了自我优先级的能力. 这种弹性涉及神经维护和补偿性大脑活动,促进对认知衰老的理解.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
- 计算建模 计算建模
背景情况:
- 认知衰老通常涉及广泛的衰退,但一些功能,如自我优先级显示弹性.
- 老年人 (OA) 与年轻人 (YA) 相比,保留并可能增强他们优先考虑自我相关刺激的能力.
研究的目的:
- 研究老年人保留自我优先级的基础认知和神经机制.
- 探索大脑-行为合如何在OA和YA之间自我优先级上有所不同.
主要方法:
- 使用感知匹配范式与漂移扩散建模 (DDM) 和功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 相结合.
- 分析了使用DDM的决策门,非决策过程和证据积累.
- 检查后部上角 (pSTS),初级视觉皮层 (V1),腹中前额皮层 (vmPFC) 和其他区域的神经活动.
主要成果:
- 由于保守的决策门和长时间的非决策过程,OA表现出更慢的反应,但对自我优先级的证据积累是完整的.
- 自我-其他歧视是年龄不变的,由双边pSTS增加和V1活动减少调解.
- 在vmPFC,前带皮质和极中,OA显示出更强大的大脑-行为合,用于自我优先级.
结论:
- 在衰老过程中,自我优先保护涉及到可分离的机制:后部区域的神经维护和补偿性前额前部-部招募.
- 一个双路径模型解释了保存的自我参考处理,突出了神经维护和补偿机制.
- 这些发现促进了对健康的认知衰老中保存的自我参考处理的机制理解.
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