从解剖学到治疗:历史上的旅程到皮质醇
Ernesto Damiani1, Piero Marson2, Francesco M Galassi3
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua.
Reumatismo
|November 20, 2025
概括
这篇评论追踪了从16世纪解剖学到20世纪中叶皮质素发展的上腺研究. 组织学,生理学和生化学的关键发现导致了皮质的出现.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 医学史 医学史 医学史
- 类风湿病学 类风湿病学
背景情况:
- 上腺,关键的内分泌器官,有一个丰富的研究历史跨越几个世纪.
- 早期的解剖学描述为了解它们的结构和功能奠定了基础.
研究的目的:
- 提供关于上腺研究的全面历史概述.
- 详细介绍科学旅程,从最初的发现到皮质的开发和应用.
主要方法:
- 按时间顺序回顾上腺研究中的重要里程碑.
- 分析主要的历史来源,科学论文和医疗记录.
- 通过解剖学,显微镜,生理学,生物化学和临床阶段追踪理解的演变.
主要成果:
- 突出了巴托洛米奥·尤斯塔奇奥 (Bartolomeo Eustachio) 1564年发现和莫里茨·纳格尔 (Moritz Nagel) 1836年进行的显微镜研究,揭示了皮质-髓区别.
- 讨论了朱利叶斯·阿诺德 (Julius Arnold) 在1866年对皮质结构的描述,以及阿迪森和布朗-塞卡德 (Brown-Séquard) 确定的上腺皮质的重要作用.
- 详细介绍了肯德尔和赖希斯坦对皮质子的分离和合成,以及亨奇在1948年对类风湿性关节炎的临床应用.
结论:
- 解剖学,组织学,生理学和生物化学方面的进步共同增强了对上腺的理解.
- 基于这些知识的皮质激素开发,彻底改变了炎症疾病的治疗方法.
- 这一历史进展显著推进了内分泌学和风湿病学.
相关概念视频
Psychodynamic Therapy
441
Psychodynamic therapies emphasize the exploration of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as fundamental contributors to psychological difficulties. These therapies, deeply rooted in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, aim to uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts, granting individuals insights that promote emotional and behavioral healing. Contemporary psychodynamic approaches have evolved, integrating a broader range of influences and methodologies while still valuing the...
441
Modeling in Therapy
356
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
356
Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
32.5K
Human anatomy is the scientific study of the body's structures. Some of these structures are very small and can only be observed and analyzed with the assistance of a microscope. Other larger structures can readily be seen, manipulated, measured, and weighed. The word "anatomy" comes from a Greek root that means "to cut apart." Human anatomy was first studied by observing the body's exterior and the wounds of soldiers and other injuries. Later, physicians were allowed to...
32.5K
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands
4.1K
The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
4.1K
Psychotherapy
441
Psychotherapy is a versatile, nonmedical approach aimed at helping individuals address emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal issues to enhance their overall well-being. It can involve one-on-one sessions, couples counseling, or small group discussions with a therapist. The therapeutic process includes various techniques such as open discussion, interpretation of thoughts and behaviors, active listening, positive reinforcement, and role modeling. Psychotherapy aims to support individuals in...
441
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids
1.5K
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
1.5K


