促炎症饮食如何影响外科手术后期的结果
Monica Mesiha1, Maressa Cumbermack2, Jamie Kim2
1CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
促炎症饮食会增加炎症和并发症,延长手术后的恢复时间. 抗炎饮食和像omega-3脂肪酸这样的营养干预措施可以改善手术结果,缩短住院时间.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 术后恢复 术后恢复
背景情况:
- 富含和脂肪和糖的促炎症饮食,提高细胞因子 (例如IL-6,TNF),增加全身炎症.
- 炎症破坏免疫功能,改变药物代谢,并与延长恢复,伤口愈合不良和手术并发症有关.
- 饮食变化会影响肠道微生物群,影响疼痛感知,阿片类药物敏感性和肠-大脑轴应激反应.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关饮食对手术恢复影响的证据.
- 综合有关抗炎饮食及其组成部分 (如omega-3脂肪酸,SPM和SCFA) 的数据.
- 探索外科手术期间的营养干预措施,以改善外科手术结果.
主要方法:
- 2000-2025年间发表的随机对照试验 (RCT),元分析和机制研究的系统综述.
- 重点是关于omega-3脂肪酸,专门的亲溶解介质 (spm) 和短链脂肪酸 (scfa) 的文献.
- 针对性干预措施的分析,包括营养教育,饮食评估,前/益生菌,omega-3补充剂和ERAS途径内的饮食咨询.
主要成果:
- 促炎症饮食与系统性炎症增加,免疫功能障碍和不良外科手术结果有关.
- 抗炎饮食减少炎症标志物,并与更短的住院时间相关联.
- 营养干预措施显示出改善手术恢复和减少并发症的潜力.
结论:
- 饮食通过调节炎症和肠道微生物群,显著影响手术恢复.
- 术后营养策略,包括饮食咨询和补充,是手术后增强恢复 (ERAS) 途径的关键组成部分.
- 有针对性的营养干预可以减轻手术并发症并改善患者的治疗结果.
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