西班牙儿童和青少年的抑郁,焦虑和内化症状:估计的发病率和并发症模式
Mireia Orgilés1, Víctor Amorós-Reche2, Alexandra Morales1
1Child Research Center, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain.
European child & adolescent psychiatry
|November 20, 2025
概括
在西班牙的年轻人中,抑郁症和焦虑症等内化障碍很普遍. 早期识别和干预至关重要,因为并发症会增加多种精神健康状况的风险.
科学领域:
- 儿童和青少年精神病学 儿童和青少年精神病学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 青春期内化障碍是一个重大问题,许多早期出现.
- 关于西班牙年轻人患病率和并发症的数据有限.
- 及时识别和干预对于积极的心理健康结果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计西班牙儿童和青少年全国样本中内化症状的流行率和并发病率.
- 检查特定的内化障碍,包括抑郁症,焦虑症,PTSD,强迫症和饮食行为问题.
- 为了将当前的流行率与大流行前和COVID-19数据进行比较.
主要方法:
- 在全国范围内调查了5450名年龄在9~16岁的西班牙人.
- 儿童和青少年评估系统用于数据收集.
- 分析了内化症状的患病率和并发症模式.
主要成果:
- 10.4%的儿童和14%的青少年出现了临床显著的症状.
- 抑郁症,社会焦虑症和泛性焦虑障碍 (GAD) 在儿童中最常见.
- 强迫症 (OCD),饮食行为问题和抑郁症在青少年中最常见.
- 共患病率很高,特别是在抑郁症状和其他内化障碍 (GAD,PTSD,体质投诉) 之间.
- 自大流行前以来,病率有所增加,但仍然低于COVID-19期间.
结论:
- 内化障碍是西班牙年轻人面临的重大心理健康挑战.
- 伴随性疾病模式突显了这些疾病的相互联系.
- 在学校和医疗机构迫切需要加强心理健康服务,早期检测和有针对性的干预措施.
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