在极端高度登期间肠道微生物群的动态:一个纵向案例报告
Jesús Álvarez-Herms1,2, Kilian Jornet3, Martin Burtscher4
1Phymolab, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Collado Hermoso (Segovia), Spain.
High altitude medicine & biology
|November 20, 2025
概括
极端高度的登显著改变了肠道微生物群 (GM),减少了多样性并增加了致病细菌. 一个健康的转基因特征可能会增强对低氧的耐受性,并预防高山病.
科学领域:
- 人类生理学 人类生理学
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 高空医学是一种高度医学.
背景情况:
- 极端高度的登带来了重大的生理挑战.
- 了解高海拔对人类肠道微生物群的影响对于登山者健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在为期4周的极高海拔探险中调查肠道微生物群 (GM) 和生理反应的动态变化.
- 为了将转基因变化的变化与不同高度的生理变化和健康并发症相关联.
主要方法:
- 一个世界级登山者的纵向案例研究,在36004200米的4周逗留期间,在极端高度 (高达8400米) 迅速上升.
- 监测生理参数,包括低血,高血糖,酸性脂肪和同情主导.
- 对肠道微生物群组成和多样性的分析 (香农指数).
主要成果:
- 生理压力标志物 (低血,高血糖,酸性,同情主导) 与高度成比例增加.
- 在适应过程中,肠道微生物群的多样性显著下降 (香农指数从5.88降至4.56).
- 观察到病原性 *Ruminococcus gnavus * 的短暂增加2800%,与健康状况下降和胃肠道/呼吸系统问题相吻合.
结论:
- 肠道微生物群的组成受到极端高度暴露的显著改变.
- 健康的转基因特征,富含粘菌和短链脂肪酸产生细菌,可能会增强缺氧耐受性.
- 保持有利的转基因可能会降低肠道泄漏,全身内毒性病和急性山病的风险.
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