在马来西亚,疟疾重新引入风险地区持续存在低密度感染
Adela Ida Jiram1,2, Shamilah Hisam1, Mohd Hafizi Abdul Hamid3
1Parasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
PloS one
|November 20, 2025
概括
在马来西亚,隐藏的疟疾感染仍然存在,即使是在宣布无疟疾的地区. 这些低密度的病例,无法通过标准显微镜检测,构成复发的风险,需要敏感的诊断来持续消除.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 寄生虫学的寄生虫学
背景情况:
- 马来西亚在2018年实现了零本土人类疟疾病例.
- 持续存在的挑战包括Plasmodium knowlesi (动物性疟疾) 和低密度感染,风险重新引入.
- 持续消除疟疾需要解决这些隐藏的感染.
研究的目的:
- 调查马来西亚地区的低密度疟疾传播的持续性,在马来西亚地区宣布至少三年没有疟疾.
- 在这些地区的无症状个体中确定疟疾寄生虫的流行率和物种.
主要方法:
- 在2020年6月至10月期间,在萨巴赫,佩拉克,凯兰丹和乔هور的23个高接受度地区进行了基于社区的横截面调查.
- 从3322名无症状居民的血液样本中,使用常规显微镜和嵌PCR (nPCR) 准Plasmodium 18S rRNA基因进行了查.
- 分析了社会人口统计和地理空间数据,以查找与感染状况的关联.
主要成果:
- 显微镜检测到没有感染,而nPCR显示低密度疟疾的流行率为1.86% (62/3,322).
- 检测到的Plasmodium物种包括P. malariae (40.3%),P. vivax (29.0%),P. knowlesi (24.2%),P. falciparum (1.6%),P. cynomolgi (1.6%),以及混合感染 (3.2%). 在这些物种中,我们发现了P.
- 所有PCR阳性病例来自萨巴和佩拉克的一个Orang Asli定居点;成年人占感染的大多数.
结论:
- 无症状,低密度的疟疾感染在所谓的无疟疾社区中持续存在,并被常规显微镜所遗漏.
- 这些隐藏的寄生虫存储库对疟疾的重新引入具有重大风险,特别是在受感染地区.
- 通过敏感的诊断和有针对性的干预措施加强监测至关重要,以保护马来西亚消除疟疾的成果,并防止复发.
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