在年轻人和老年人中,在行走时感知到前后平衡障碍的严重程度
Shreya Jain1, Nicolas Schweighofer1,2,3, James M Finley1,2,3
1Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
PloS one
|November 20, 2025
概括
老年人和年轻人认为向后跌倒比向前跌倒更严重. 这种对跌倒严重性的看法,受到方向的影响,影响着步行决策和跌倒风险评估.
科学领域:
- 人类运动的生物力学.
- 老年学和衰老研究研究.
- 人类的感知和决策.
背景情况:
- 跌倒是严重的健康问题,尤其对老年人来说,往往是因为或滑倒.
- 对平衡障碍的感知会影响步行决策,从而避免感知到的危险情况.
- 落下方向 (向前或向后) 对感知严重程度及其与年龄相关的差异的影响尚未得到充分理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查是否根据平衡丧失方向 (向前与向后) 而有所不同,以了解步行障碍的感知严重程度.
- 为了确定年龄是否影响与扰动方向相关的下降严重程度的感知.
- 探索潜在的潜在因素,包括情绪 (焦虑状态) 和物理 (质量中心速度的峰值) 反应.
主要方法:
- 20名年轻人和20名老年人参加了分带跑步机实验.
- 参与者执行了两种替代的强制选择任务,比较前向和后向跑步机扰动.
- 一个自适应的楼梯算法确定了前进和后退扰动的等价点;混合效应模型分析了灵敏度.
主要成果:
- 无论是年轻人还是老年人,他们都认为落后的扰动比落前的更严重.
- 在对扰乱方向的敏感度方面,没有发现与年龄相关的显著差异.
- 在两天的测试中,感知严重性敏感度是中度可靠的,但参与者在第二天的敏感度较低.
结论:
- 感知到的步态障碍的严重程度受到大小和方向的影响,而不仅仅是大小.
- 跌倒严重程度的方向感知是与步行相关的决策和潜在的跌倒风险的关键因素.
- 综合性跌倒风险评估应将干扰类型的感知与个性化干预的恢复能力相结合.
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