在野生灵长类动物中存在欺骗性生育的证据
Alice Baniel1, Eila K Roberts2, Thore J Bergman3
1Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Current biology : CB
|November 20, 2025
概括
雌性果拉达欺骗性地传达生育信号,以保护婴儿免受男性接管后的婴儿杀戮. 这些以雌激素为媒介的"虚假"生育信号,降低了这种灵长类动物失去婴儿的可能性.
科学领域:
- 灵长类的繁殖策略
- 动物的沟通和欺骗
- 性冲突和婴儿杀戮
背景情况:
- 动物信号往往传达可靠的信息,但欺骗可以在相互冲突的利益下演变,特别是在交配环境中.
- 格拉达 (Theropithecus gelada) 种群中的男性占有频繁,通常导致性选择的婴儿杀戮,对哺乳期的雌性及其婴儿构成重大风险.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查雌性格拉达是否参与欺骗性的生育信号,作为对抗杀婴的反策略.
- 为了确定对男性接管的错误信号的荷尔蒙机制和人口统计后果.
主要方法:
- 分析了14年的人口统计数据和埃塞俄比亚野生格拉达种群的便激素水平 (雌激素).
- 女性性胀恢复,受孕时间和婴儿存活率与男性接管事件的相关性.
- 检查雌激素激增在哺乳期女性男性接管后,无论婴儿的年龄.
主要成果:
- 哺乳期雌性格拉达在接管后恢复了性胀并与新雄性交配,但与其他时间骑自行车的雌性相比,怀孕时间要长得多.
- 女性显示后接管性胀的婴儿杀婴的可能性降低.
- 便激素分析显示,在接管后,雌激素水平升高,即使在有非常小的婴儿的雌性中,也表明受孕和非受孕胀的调解.
结论:
- 雌性果拉达欺骗性地表明生育能力 (在怀孕不太可能时表现出性胀),作为一种适应性对策略,以减轻杀婴的风险.
- 格拉达的性胀可以起到双重作用,表明真假的生育状态,受雌激素水平的影响.
- 这项研究提供了证据,证明了在灵长类动物中,在性冲突和避免婴儿杀戮的背景下,动物信号中存在欺骗.
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