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相关概念视频

Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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认知训练可以改善多发性硬化症患者的工作记忆,处理速度和神经效率.

Ryan F O'Donnell1,2, Janet L Shucard1,2, Thomas J Covey1,2

  • 1Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, The Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
|November 21, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

认知训练,特别是工作记忆 (WM) 训练,可以改善多发性硬化症 (MS) 患者的认知功能和神经效率. 此次培训还显示了处理速度 (PS) 和任务传输的好处.

关键词:
RT的变化性RT的变化性认知变化的可变性神经可塑性 神经可塑性是RT的标准偏差.培训转移培训转移培训是什么意思

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 康复科学 康复科学 康复科学

背景情况:

  • 多发性硬化症 (MS) 是一种中枢神经系统脱髓化的疾病.
  • 认知障碍,特别是工作记忆 (WM) 和处理速度 (PS),在MS中很普遍.
  • 认知培训为缓解这些缺陷提供了一个有希望的途径.

研究的目的:

  • 研究WM和处理速度 (PS) 训练对MS患者认知任务的影响.
  • 用神经效率的行为指数来评估训练的有效性,例如反应时间变化 (RT变化).

主要方法:

  • 43名复发性复发性多发性硬化症参与者被分配到WM培训,视觉搜索 (VS) 培训或没有培训的对照组.
  • 参与者接受了前后测试,评估WM和VS任务,测量准确性,反应时间 (RT) 和RT变异性.
  • 家庭培训是在大约4-5周内进行的.

主要成果:

  • WM培训组在双背WM任务中表现出显著的改进,并证明了对VS任务的转移效应.
  • VS训练组在VS任务中取得了改进,并在双背任务中表现出更快的RT.
  • 在训练组中,RT变异性下降,表明神经效率提高.

结论:

  • WM培训提高神经效率,处理速度,并导致MS患者的交叉任务转移.
  • 对于评估训练诱导的神经效率的改善,RT变异性是一个有价值的标志物.