儿童注意力缺陷/多动障碍中的性别差异和执行功能概况:数字神经认知评估的证据
Emilio Díaz-Moreno1,2, Jose Heredia-Jimenez1,3
1Human Behaviour & Motion Analysis Lab (HubemaLab), University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain.
概括
患有注意力缺陷/多动症 (ADHD) 的男孩和女孩表现出类似的执行功能 (EF) 模式,与速度相关的微小差异有利于男孩. 确定了三种不同的EF概况,独立于性别或症状呈现.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿童精神病学 儿童精神病学
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 是一种常见的神经发育障碍.
- 执行功能 (EF) 对于认知控制和行为调节至关重要.
- 了解ADHD的性别差异和异质性对于定制干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究ADHD儿童执行功能 (EF) 中基于性别的差异.
- 通过使用数字评估电池,探索儿童ADHD中的EF异质性.
- 识别不同的EF形状及其与性别和临床表现的关系.
主要方法:
- 一组208名被诊断患有多动症的儿童 (7-12岁) 使用标准化的数字电池 (CNS生命体征) 进行了评估.
- 分析包括频率主义和贝叶斯主义方法,控制年龄和使用错误发现率 (FDR) 校正.
- 执行职能异质性使用k-means集群检查,结果通过等级集群验证.
主要成果:
- 多变量性效应并不显著,表明ADHD的男孩和女孩之间EF的整体相似性.
- 在FDR对照后,在精神运动速度和机动速度方面发现了有利于男孩的显著性别差异.
- 聚类确定了三种严重程度分级的EF概况,显示了方法之间适度的一致性和性别或DSM-5呈现的独立性.
结论:
- 患有ADHD的男孩和女孩共享可比的EF架构,男孩在特定与速度相关的领域显示轻微优势.
- 在ADHD中,执行职能异质的特点是三个不同的,基于严重程度的配置文件.
- 这些EF档案与性别或特定的DSM-5陈述无关,支持基于性能的维度评估方法.
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