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相关概念视频

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

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Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria....
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ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

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ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
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Triglycerides are a form of long-term energy storage molecules. They are made of glycerol and three fatty acids. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle. The glycerol that is released from triglycerides after lipolysis...
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The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine...
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Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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脂肪组织释放核酸.

Jing Zhang1, Thuc Le2, Veronica Ruiz-Torres1,3

  • 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States.

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology
|November 21, 2025
PubMed
概括

肥胖脂肪组织释放核酸,导致炎症. 这项研究确定了从小鼠和人类脂肪细胞中释放的核酸,揭示了驱动肥胖相关炎症的新机制.

关键词:
脂肪的脂肪的脂肪这是一种炎症炎症炎症炎症.微观环境是一个微观环境.这是核化物.肥胖 肥胖 肥胖 肥胖 肥胖 肥胖 肥胖 肥胖

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科学领域:

  • 代谢性疾病研究研究.
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 肥胖引起的炎症,胰岛素耐药性和并发性疾病的了解很少.
  • 细胞外核酸可以通过免疫细胞受体触发炎症.
  • 脂肪组织炎症是导致肥胖相关的发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一.

研究的目的:

  • 量化从脂肪细胞和脂肪组织中释放的核酸.
  • 研究核酸释放在肥胖症脂肪组织炎症中的作用.
  • 描述释放的核酸类型及其对炎症途径的贡献.

主要方法:

  • 从培养的小鼠脂肪细胞和ex vivo脂肪组织中释放核酸的量化.
  • 在小鼠体内体内测量间位液核酸度.
  • 从人类脂肪组织中释放核酸的分析 ex vivo.
  • 在脂肪组织中评估细胞外核oside诱导的炎症性细胞因子表达 (Tnfα,Il6,Il1β).

主要成果:

  • 培养的小鼠脂肪细胞释放了各种RNA/DNA核酸.
  • 与非肥胖对照相比,肥胖小鼠的脂肪组织表现出较高的核酸释放量ex vivo和间歇性液体度 in vivo.
  • 人类脂肪组织表现出大量的腺/脱氧腺,关/脱氧和尿素的释放.
  • 细胞外核酸刺激了脂肪组织中的炎症性细胞因子Tnfα,Il6和Il1β的表达.
  • 均衡核酸载体1 (ENT1) 被确定为核酸释放的贡献途径.

结论:

  • 脂肪细胞释放出大量的核酸,包括腺素,关素和尿素.
  • 在肥胖中,脂肪组织中核酸释放的增加有助于脂肪组织炎症.
  • 这代表了一种新的机制,将肥胖与炎症和相关的并发症联系起来.