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相关概念视频

Damped Oscillations01:07

Damped Oscillations

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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
Although friction and other non-conservative...
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Types of Damping01:20

Types of Damping

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If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
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Entropy02:39

Entropy

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy01:18

Entropy

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
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Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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非高斯多体系统的动态复杂性与分散.

Guillermo González-García1,2, Alexey V Gorshkov3,4, J Ignacio Cirac1,2

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.

Physical review letters
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

在多体费米离子和玻色离子系统中的高消散率可以导致经典采样. 消散可以简化费米离子状态,但不一定是玻色离子状态,两者之间的纠生成不同.

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科学领域:

  • 量子多体物理学 量子多体物理学
  • 量子信息理论就是量子信息理论.
  • 统计力学就是统计力学.

背景情况:

  • 了解开放量子系统的动态对于量子技术至关重要.
  • 用消散来描述玻色子和费米子系统的状态,带来了重大的理论挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 在各种类型的消散下,描述多体玻色子和费米子模型的动态状态.
  • 确定这些系统可以通过经典算法有效采样的条件.
  • 探索玻色子和费米子系统之间的状态演变和纠生成的差异.

主要方法:

  • 分析多体模型,其中有间位高斯合,现场非高斯相互作用和局部消散 (粒子损失,增益,脱相).
  • 系统状态为高斯状态 (费米子) 或可分离状态 (玻色) 的凸组合的条件的推导.
  • 调查某些噪声值以上高效状态采样的经典算法的存在.

主要成果:

  • 对于费米子系统来说,强大的脱相噪声将系统驱动到高斯状态的凸组合中.
  • 对于玻色子系统,强大的粒子损失和增益导致可分离的状态.
  • 经典的采样算法在噪声率超过一个值时,对于这两种模型都是有效的.
  • 与费米子系统不同,玻色子系统可以进化为非高斯状态,即使消散率很高.
  • 与玻色子系统不同,铁子系统即使在高噪声率下也可以产生纠.

结论:

  • 相互作用和消散之间的相互作用决定了多体量子态的复杂性.
  • 特定的散射模式允许高效的古典模拟子和玻色子系统.
  • 在分散下的玻色子和费米子系统之间,纠生成和状态复杂性的根本差异仍然存在.