产前PM2.5暴露与智力障碍之间的关联:基于自闭症谱系障碍的同时发生是否存在差异性影响?
Roger A Renteria1, Sara E Grineski1, Jacqueline Gomez2
1University of Utah, Department of Sociology, 380 S. 1530 E., Rm. 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Environmental research
|November 21, 2025
概括
产前接触细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 会增加智力障碍 (ID) 和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的风险. 特定的暴露时间和空气质量值对仅ID的影响不同于同时发生的ID+ASD结果.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 产前暴露于细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 与神经发育问题有关.
- 关于PM2.5对智力障碍和自闭症谱系障碍 (ID+ASD) 的具体影响尚不清楚.
- 现有的研究往往聚合了不同的神经发育结果,限制了对特定暴露-反应关系的理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查产前PM2.5暴露与ID-only与ID+ASD的几率之间的关联.
- 在不同的产前暴露窗口 (预孕,三季度) 中检查这些关联.
- 评估长期PM2.5平均值和短期超值值的影响 (WHO和美国NAAQS).
主要方法:
- 在犹他州出生的患有ID (仅ID和ID+ASD) 的儿童被确定并与对照组匹配.
- 估计PM2.5暴露在四个产前期使用长期平均值和超过WHO和美国NAAQS24小时值.
- 使用多级多项逻辑回归来分析PM2.5暴露与神经发育结果之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在怀孕前和头三个月期间长期增加的PM2.5与仅ID和ID+ASD的更高几率相关.
- 在怀孕前期和第一季度超过世卫组织24小时PM2.5值与仅ID和ID+ASD有关.
- 在怀孕前和第一季度超过美国NAAQS24小时PM2.5值与ID+ASD有关.
结论:
- 产前的PM2.5暴露,特别是在怀孕前和第一季度,增加了仅ID和ID+ASD的风险.
- 暴露于PM2.5的程度和时间对神经发育风险有不同的影响.
- 研究结果强调需要公共卫生干预措施和更严格的空气质量法规,以保护胎儿神经发育.
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