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调节性T细胞的发现:免疫学中的范式转变

Simon Fillatreau¹, Yi Hao²

¹Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, F-75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.

Cellular immunology

|November 21, 2025

概括

调控T细胞 (Tregs) 显示免疫激活作为默认状态,突出显示抑制.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
细胞生物学细胞生物学
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

传统观点认为,免疫系统是一个被外部微生物信号激活的休眠军队.
预先了解免疫反应诱导仅依赖于外部激活信号.
在淋巴细胞中发现T细胞受体 (TCR) 和B细胞受体 (BCR).

研究的目的:

概述20世纪90年代调控性T细胞 (Treg) 发现的科学背景.
讨论Tregs对理解免疫调节和恒温的影响.
探索Treg研究在自身免疫和癌症等疾病中开辟的新型治疗途径.

主要方法:

审查科学文献和围绕Treg发现的历史背景.
分析从外部激活到内部免疫控制的范式转变.
讨论对免疫系统理解和治疗开发的影响.

主要成果:

调控性T细胞 (Tregs) 表明免疫激活是默认状态.
通过Tregs抑制对于维持免疫平衡至关重要.
通过消除Treg介导的抑制,可以通过内部启动免疫反应.

结论:

对Tregs的发现从根本上改变了对免疫调节的理解.
这项研究为自身免疫性疾病和癌症开辟了新的治疗策略.
诺贝尔奖的认可强调了Treg研究的深刻影响.

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