基于机器学习和SHAP可解释性分析的轴承故障诊断研究
1Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, 523668, China.
Scientific reports
|November 21, 2025
概括
本研究引入了一种可解释的机器学习方法,用于诊断旋转机器中的轴承故障. XGBoost模型实现了高精度,证明了集成的多域特征和SHAP分析对预测性维护的有效性.
科学领域:
- 机械工程 机械工程
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
背景情况:
- 轴承故障是旋转机械故障的主要原因,影响工业安全和效率.
- 传统的诊断方法缺乏适应性和准确性;现有的机器学习模型缺乏解释性.
- 需要准确,可解释和高效的轴承故障诊断解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种综合轴承故障诊断方法,将机器学习算法与SHAP可解释性分析结合起来.
- 为了比较十个机器学习算法的性能,用于轴承故障诊断.
- 确定影响诊断决策的关键特征,并为优化提供科学基础.
主要方法:
- 构建了一个全面的实验平台,从正常和故障轴承收集振动信号.
- 预处理原始信号并提取了跨时间域,频域和统计特征的15个关键特征.
- 应用并比较了十个机器学习算法 (LogReg,SVM,KNN,DT,RF,AdaBoost,GBoost,XGBoost,LGBM,NB) 并使用SHAP进行解释.
主要成果:
- XGBoost模型实现了最佳性能,准确率为91.0%,精度为91.9%,回忆率为98.9%,F1得分为95.3%.
- 多个模型显示100%的回忆,有效地防止故障遗漏.
- SHAP分析确定了光谱,rms和冲动因子作为关键特征,与物理故障机制保持一致.
结论:
- 综合方法为轴承故障诊断提供了有效和可解释的解决方案.
- SHAP分析提高了透明度,并为特征工程和工业应用提供了科学基础.
- 这项研究对推进旋转机械的预测性维护技术做出了重大贡献.
相关概念视频
Fault Types
389
When analyzing a single line-to-ground fault from phase A to ground at a three-phase bus, it is important to consider the fault impedance. This impedance is zero for a bolted fault, equal to the arc impedance for an arcing fault, and represents the total fault impedance for a transmission-line insulator flashover. To derive sequence and phase currents, fault conditions are translated from the phase domain to the sequence domain.
For line-to-line faults occurring between phases B and C, the...
For line-to-line faults occurring between phases B and C, the...
389
Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine
649
Conducting a three-phase short circuit test on an unloaded synchronous machine helps understand its impact on the system. The AC fault current's oscillogram, with the DC offset removed, reveals that the waveform amplitude decreases from an initially high value to a steady-state level for one phase of the machine.
This behavior occurs due to the magnetic flux produced by the short-circuit armature currents. Initially, these currents follow high-reluctance paths but eventually shift to...
This behavior occurs due to the magnetic flux produced by the short-circuit armature currents. Initially, these currents follow high-reluctance paths but eventually shift to...
649
Transmission Shafts: Problem Solving
475
Designing a solid shaft that transmits power from a motor to a machine tool involves a series of calculations to ensure the shaft can withstand the stresses applied by bending moments and torques. First, calculate the torque exerted on the gear, considering the power transmitted by the shaft and its rotational speed. Following this, compute the tangential forces acting on the gears, which directly relate to the torque and the gear radius.
Next, use bending moment diagrams for the shaft to...
Next, use bending moment diagrams for the shaft to...
475
Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits
509
Determining the subtransient fault current in a power system involves representing transformers by their leakage reactances, transmission lines by their equivalent series reactances, and synchronous machines as constant voltage sources behind their subtransient reactances. In this analysis, certain elements are excluded, such as winding resistances, series resistances, shunt admittances, delta-Y phase shifts, armature resistance, saturation, saliency, non-rotating impedance loads, and small...
509
Multimachine Stability
535
Multimachine stability analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics and stability of power systems with multiple synchronous machines. The objective is to solve the swing equations for a network of M machines connected to an N-bus power system.
In analyzing the system, the nodal equations represent the relationship between bus voltages, machine voltages, and machine currents. The nodal equation is given by:
In analyzing the system, the nodal equations represent the relationship between bus voltages, machine voltages, and machine currents. The nodal equation is given by:
535
Shear and Bending Moment Diagram: Problem Solving
3.0K
When analyzing a beam supporting concentrated loads and a distributed load, drawing the shear and bending moment diagrams is essential. These diagrams help understand the internal forces and moments acting on the beam, which is crucial for designing safe and efficient structures. Follow these steps to create the shear and bending moment diagrams:
Draw a Free-Body Diagram: Start by drawing a free-body diagram of the entire beam, including the concentrated loads, distributed load, and reaction...
Draw a Free-Body Diagram: Start by drawing a free-body diagram of the entire beam, including the concentrated loads, distributed load, and reaction...
3.0K

