关节骨和第三的发育不对称性及其对法医年龄估计的影响
Nina Heldring1,2, Ali-Reza Rezaie3, Ola Kvist4,5
1Department of Forensic Medicine, Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Blombäcks Väg 5, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden. nina.heldring@rmv.se.
Scientific reports
|November 21, 2025
概括
评估骨和牙发育有助于法律目的的年龄估计. 这项研究发现了关节和第三发育的显著不对称性,建议双边关节成像和特定的第三评估以提高准确性.
科学领域:
- 法医人类学 法医人类学
- 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 准确的年龄估计在法律环境中至关重要,包括审前拘留,判决和庇护评估,特别是对于未成年人.
- 目前的年龄估计方法依赖于骨和牙的发育,但个体的生物学变异限制了精确的时间学年龄的确定.
- 对于评估骨和牙发育的双边成像的必要性,特别是考虑到潜在的不对称性,仍然是一个关键问题.
研究的目的:
- 在男性和女性中调查中枢关节骨和第三骨中不对称成熟的频率.
- 评估发育不对称性对医学法律场景中年龄估计准确性的影响.
- 为了确定单边成像是否足够,或者是否需要双边成像的关节骨和第三牙是可靠的年龄评估.
主要方法:
- 从卡罗林斯卡大学医院的患者CT扫描中获得的临床和放射学数据的回顾性分析.
- 使用现有研究中的普通放射图来评估第三子发育,与时间年龄相关联.
- 对发育相关性和不对称频率的统计分析,包含预定义的错误分类水平以减轻偏差.
主要成果:
- 在右关节骨和左关节骨发育之间观察到强烈的相关性 (ρ=0.871男性, ρ=0.854女性) 和第三牙的近乎完美的相关性 (ρ=0.980男性, ρ=0.975女性).
- 不对称的发育发生在大约23%的男性和20%的女性的关节骨,和13%的男性和17%的女性的第三牙.
- 发育不对称性被发现会影响年龄估计,特别是在18岁左右.
结论:
- 建议进行双边关节骨评估,以考虑发育变异并提高年龄估计的准确性.
- 对于第三,利用男性中最成熟的一面和女性中最不成熟的一面可以提高年龄估计的准确性.
- 了解和考虑关节骨和第三的发育不对称性对于在法律背景下可靠地确定年龄至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:09Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
3.3K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.3K
01:15Teeth
1.6K
The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
1.6K
01:29Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
10.0K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
10.0K
01:24Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification
8.3K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
8.3K
01:29Bone Disorders
5.0K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
5.0K