用于反运动跳跃的加载策略:模态和负载的探索性比较
Luyu Zhang1, Haitao Zhu1, Qiushi Wang2
1School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation
|November 22, 2025
概括
条杆加载提高跳跃性能,而加重的背心在较低的负载下提高稳定性. 增加外部负载 (30-50%的体重) 会降低跳跃高度,增加这两种方法的降落需求.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动 人类运动
背景情况:
- 垂直跳跃能力对于下肢爆炸力至关重要.
- 负载跳跃训练通过神经肌肉适应来提高性能.
- 对外围 () 与集中 (加权背心) 负荷对跳跃力学影响的比较不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查负载类型 (杆与加重背心) 和大小 (30-50%的体重) 如何影响反运动跳跃 (CMJ) 性能,姿势稳定性和动力学.
- 为了比较集中式与外围式加载策略对跳跃力学和运动控制的影响.
主要方法:
- 17名训练有素的男性在随机交叉设计中以30%,40%和50%的体重 (BM) 进行CMJ,使用加重的背心和杆.
- 双重力板测量了地面反应力和压力中心 (COP).
- 关键结果包括跳跃高度,反应强度指数修改 (RSI-mod),动量,推开位移,强度不对称,姿势摆动和动力变量.
主要成果:
- 与加重背心相比,杆加载导致更高的跳跃高度,动量和推开距离.
- 越来越多的负载逐渐降低了跳跃高度和RSI-mod对于两种负载类型.
- 加重的背心在30%的BM下提供了更大的着陆稳定性 (较低的中侧侧 COP 位移),而杆负载显示了随着负载增加的ML COP 位移减少.
结论:
- 负载分配策略和大小显著影响CMJ性能和姿势稳定性.
- 加重背心在较低负载 (≤40% BM) 时提供优越的稳定性,而杆在更高负载 (50% BM) 时更有效地提高跳跃性能.
- 增加的外部负载会提高制动和降落的要求,无论负载策略如何.
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