与宿主适应性免疫系统的PRRSV相互作用:一个更新的审查
Yifei Li1, Wenhuan Chen1, Qifan Wu1
1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Virology
|November 22, 2025
概括
猪生殖和呼吸系统综合征病毒 (PRRSV) 通过抑制免疫细胞和抗体产生来削弱猪的适应性免疫力. 像CAR-T细胞疗法这样的新策略为PRRSV控制提供了新的途径.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 猪健康 猪健康
背景情况:
- 猪生殖和呼吸系统综合征病毒 (PRRSV) 是全球主要的猪业威胁.
- PRRSV显著影响了先天性和适应性免疫,而适应性免疫调节的理解较少.
- 本综述侧重于PRRSV与宿主适应性免疫系统的复杂相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查PRRSV对宿主适应性免疫系统的调节作用.
- 总结PRRSV对各种免疫细胞的影响,包括T细胞,B细胞,巨细胞,单细胞,树突细胞和NK细胞.
- 探索基于免疫学的创新策略,以预防和控制PRRSV.
主要方法:
- 对PRRSV对适应性免疫的影响的系统文献综述.
- 分析PRRSV逃避机制,包括MHC下调和免疫抑制性细胞因子诱导.
- 基于免疫学的新兴控制策略的探索.
主要成果:
- PRRSV降低了抗原呈现分子 (MHC-I/II) 的调节,并通过IL-10和PD-L1.1诱导免疫抑制.
- 病毒干扰中和抗体生成,导致持续性感染.
- PRRSV的多面性免疫逃避削弱了宿主的整体抗病毒反应.
结论:
- 了解PRRSV的适应性免疫调节对于有效的疾病管理至关重要.
- 新的策略,如广泛中和抗体,多位疫苗和CAR-T细胞疗法,显示出有前途.
- 准保存的表位和工程免疫细胞为PRRSV控制提供了超越传统疫苗的新方向.
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