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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.
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Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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垂体瘤 垂体瘤

Adam G Thomas1, Arpita Chattopadhyay1, Rob A Dineen2

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.

Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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PubMed
概括

2021年世界卫生组织分类根据位置和分子特征精细化了表瘤分组. 像ZFTA融合和MYCN改变的瘤这样的新亚型对大脑和脊髓瘤具有明显的成像和预后影响.

关键词:
这种状状尾瘤 (myxopapillary ependymoma) 是一种状尾瘤.后腔膜瘤是后腔膜瘤.脊柱上垂体瘤 (spinal ependymoma) 是一种脊柱上垂体瘤.脊柱表膜瘤 MYCN-改变的这是一个独立的小组.上垂体上垂体上垂体瘤一个YAP1的融合.ZFTA - 合并 - 合并 - 合并

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科学领域:

  • 神经瘤学神经瘤学
  • 分子病理学分子病理学
  • 放射学 放射学是一门学科.

背景情况:

  • 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 对中枢神经系统瘤的分类对于诊断和治疗至关重要.
  • 垂体瘤代表了儿科和成人大脑瘤的一个重要群体.
  • 以前的分类缺乏详细的分子和解剖学分层.

研究的目的:

  • 总结2021年世卫组织流行性瘤分类中的关键变化.
  • 突出显示新的分子子组及其相关的成像特征.
  • 概述这些更新的分类的预后影响.

主要方法:

  • 审查2021年世卫组织对中枢神经系统瘤的分类准则.
  • 分子子组的分析 (例如,ZFTA融合,YAP1融合,甲基化概况,MYCN改变).
  • 分子和解剖学发现与特征性成像特征的相关性 (例如,囊性,出血性,增强模式,,扩散限制).

主要成果:

  • 垂体瘤现在被分为 supratentorial,后和脊柱位置.
  • 上垂体内膜瘤包括ZFTA融合 (囊性,出血性,) 和YAP1融合 (外周增强,扩散限制) 类型.
  • 后腔膜瘤通过甲基化分层成A组和B组,预后不同.
  • 脊柱上垂体瘤现在包括 MYCN 改变的瘤,预后不佳,呈现晚期.

结论:

  • 2021年世卫组织分类为表瘤诊断和管理提供了更精确的框架.
  • 分子子组显著影响表瘤的成像外观和临床结果.
  • 基于位置和分子变化的准确分类对于向治疗和预后评估至关重要.