从kratom到7-hydroxymitragynine:自然疗法的演变成为公共卫生威胁
Scott Alsbrook1, George Pro2, Igor Koturbash1,3
1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Pharmaceutical biology
|November 23, 2025
概括
与传统的 kratom 不同的缩 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) 产品对健康构成重大风险. 这些强大的阿片类药物激动剂与严重的中毒,死亡和儿科问题有关,因为它们的可用性和使用量增加了.
科学领域:
- 药理学和毒理学 药理学和毒理学
- 药物安全和药物监管
背景情况:
- 克拉 (Mitragyna speciosa) 传统上以叶子或茶叶的形式食用,对7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) 的暴露最小.
- 美国市场上有化学丰富或半合成的7-OH产品,与植物性克拉有很大的不同.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究缩的7-胺 (7-OH) 产品的药理和毒理特征.
- 评估与这些独特的 kratom 相关产品日益增加的可用性和使用相关的风险.
主要方法:
- 使用PubMed,科学网和谷歌学者的文献评论,使用关键词"7-OH"",7-hydroxymitragynine"和"kratom".
- 分析药理学研究,动物实验,人类药理动力学数据,监管监督和临床病例报告.
主要成果:
- 7-OH是一种强大的μ-阿片类受体激动剂,超过了吗啡的强度,具有已证明的抗受体,呼吸抑制剂和成作用.
- 缩的7-OH产品导致比摄入kratom更高的全身暴露,有越来越多的严重中毒,死亡和儿科风险的报告.
- 像MGM-15这样的新兴类型表明强大的阿片类药物物质的持续轨迹.
结论:
- 缩的7-OH产品在药理和毒理上与克拉叶不同.
- 这些产品存在严重的发病率和死亡率风险,需要监管关注和公共卫生意识.
更多相关视频
16:02Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
Published on: February 10, 2023
3.2K
11:44Cellular Membrane Affinity Chromatography Columns to Identify Specialized Plant Metabolites Interacting with Immobilized Tropomyosin Kinase Receptor B
Published on: January 19, 2022
2.9K
相关概念视频
01:20Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners
818
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
818
01:15Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
892
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
892
01:22Opioid Receptors: Overview
3.9K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
3.9K
01:27Effects of Chemicals: Overview
1.9K
Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
1.9K
01:25Drug Regulation
2.7K
Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
2.7K
01:29Stimulants
812
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
812