在自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症中个性化皮质厚度不对称
Marta Martín Echave1, Hugo G Schnack2,3, Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja1,4,5
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
Molecular psychiatry
|November 23, 2025
概括
皮层厚度不对称不是自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 或精神分裂症 (SZ) 的可靠生物标志物. 这项研究在ASD或SZ个体中发现了很少的非典型不对称的证据,这挑战了其诊断效用.
科学领域:
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 精神疾病 精神疾病
背景情况:
- 皮层厚度不对称性已被提出为自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和精神分裂症 (SZ) 的潜在生物标志物.
- 在ASD和SZ中异常皮质不对称的个人级别诊断实用性仍然不清楚.
- 规范建模提供了一个框架来评估个体偏离典型的大脑发育的偏差.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用规范建模,在ASD和SZ的个体水平上调查异常皮层厚度不对称的程度.
- 确定皮层厚度不对称的个体偏差是否可以区分健康对照,ASD个体和SZ个体.
- 评估皮层厚度不对称性作为ASD和SZ生物标志物的潜力.
主要方法:
- 在一个大健康队列 (n=4904) 中,确定了全脑和区域皮质厚度不对称指数 (AI) 的规范范围.
- 计算了z-score来量化健康对照组 (n=526),ASD (n=135) 和SZ (n=287) 组中与规范AI的个人偏差.
- 采用多变量分析来评估诊断组差异和预测区域不对称偏差的准确性.
主要成果:
- 两组之间没有发现全脑皮质厚度不对称性偏差的显著差异.
- 虽然SZ组在一个高级部区域显示出更高比例的超正常AI,但整体个人偏差分布在所有区域都有显著的重叠.
- 平均区域偏差的群体差异具有有限的诊断准确性 (AUC ~60%),多变量分析发现区域偏差和诊断之间没有关联.
结论:
- 规范建模揭示了在ASD和SZ中非典型的个性化皮质厚度不对称的最小证据.
- 皮层厚度不对称似乎不是一个强大的个人级别生物标志物来区分ASD和SZ与健康对照.
- 这些发现挑战了皮质厚度不对称作为ASD和SZ诊断生物标志物的当前实用性.
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