低风险,高风险:与低COVID-19风险感知相关的因素在芝加哥黑人居民中
Melissa L Neal1, Wayne DiFranceisco2, Jana Hirschtick3
1University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. neal@wisc.edu.
芝加哥的黑人成年人表现出不同的COVID-19风险感知. 诸如口罩佩戴,歧视经历和社交距离等因素影响了他们感知到感染病毒的风险.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
- 社会流行病学 社会流行病学
背景情况:
- 在美国,黑人美国人经历了显著的健康差异.
- COVID-19 流行病加剧了这些差异,不成比例地影响了黑人社区.
- 了解风险感知对于有针对性的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 探索影响芝加哥黑人成年人对COVID-19风险感知的因素.
- 检查医疗不信任,种族主义和歧视在塑造风险感知中的作用.
- 为了确定低感知感染COVID-19风险的预测因素.
主要方法:
- 从538名芝加哥黑人居民 (2021年9月至2022年3月) 收集的调查数据.
- 后向渐进回归分析用于识别风险感知结果的重要预测因素.
- 测量结果包括不相信感染COVID-19和不担心感染.
主要成果:
- 社会人口统计学变量 (性别-年龄,收入) 预测了风险感知.
- 严格遵守口罩规定与更强烈的不相信感染COVID-19相关.
- 增加种族歧视的经历与较低的不相信感染COVID-19相关.
- 非必需工作人员,医疗条件较少的个人和坚持社交距离的人报告说,他们对COVID-19的担忧较低.
结论:
- 个人行为 (戴口罩,保持距离) 和社会因素 (歧视) 显著影响黑人成年人的COVID-19风险感知.
- 调查结果强调需要在公共卫生战略中解决结构性因素,包括种族主义.
- 需要进一步研究个人,社会和结构因素对健康风险感知的相互作用.
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