间歇性缺氧协议对训练有素和未训练有素个体的身体表现的影响:系统性审查和元分析的综合性审查
Ayoub Boulares1, Olivier Dupuy2,3, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi4,5,6
1Laboratory Mobility, Aging & Exercise-ER20296, Faculty of Sport Sciences-STAPS, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France. ayoub.boulares@univ-poitiers.fr.
Sports medicine - open
|November 23, 2025
概括
间歇性缺氧 (IH) 增强了身体表现,改善了有氧和无氧能力和肌肉力量. 本综述综合了运动员和非运动员的IH协议的证据.
科学领域:
- 体育科学与运动生理学 体育科学与运动生理学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
背景情况:
- 间歇性缺氧 (IH) 是一种通过心血管,呼吸和肌肉系统的适应性反应来提高身体表现的策略.
- 各种IH协议用于提高训练有素和未训练有素个体的有氧能力,力量和重复冲刺能力.
- 现有的系统性审查 (SRs) 和元分析 (MAs) 显示出变化,需要进行综合性审查以进行批判性评估.
研究的目的:
- 综合和批判地评估现有的SRs/MAs关于IH协议对不同健身水平的体力表现的影响.
- 为IH对有氧,无氧和力量表现的影响提供全面的概述.
- 识别性能提升IH协议的差距并指导未来的研究.
主要方法:
- 在七个电子数据库 (PubMed/MEDLINE,科学网,Cochrane,Scopus,Embase,PsycINFO,SciELO) 进行系统搜索,截至2025年6月.
- 包括SRs,MAs和网络元分析 (NMAs) 评估IH对身体表现的影响.
- 使用AMSTAR-2工具评估方法质量,遵循PRIOR指南.
主要成果:
- 分析了22个SRs/MAs (包括487个初级研究,5,333名参与者).
- IH协议显著改善了有氧和无氧性能和肌肉力量.
- 像Live High-Train Low (LHTL),Live Low-Train High (LLTH) 和Repeated Sprint in Hypoxia (RSH) 这样的特定协议显示了对VO2max和冲刺疲劳抵抗的明显好处.
结论:
- IH是一种有效的策略,可以改善有氧,无氧性能,肌肉强度和缩,通常没有显著的血液学变化.
- 协议类型,训练状态和低氧剂量都会影响性能效益的程度.
- 未来的研究应该专注于个性化的方法,标准化的术语,以及对低氧暴露和训练负载的精确量化,以获得最佳的结果和可重复性.
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