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相关概念视频

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

14.6K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
14.6K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

1.4K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
1.4K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

15.8K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
15.8K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

2.1K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
2.1K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

8.4K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.4K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

6.4K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
6.4K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay
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Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay

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原子的TCR-连接体相互作用指导记忆T细胞分化.

Aoi Akitsu1,2,3, Kemin Tan4, Robert J Mallis1,2,3,5

  • 1Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

记忆T细胞提供适应性免疫力. 这项研究揭示了T细胞受体 (TCR) 信号偏差如何决定CD8+ T细胞是否成为中央 (TCM) 或效应器 (TEM) 记忆细胞,从而影响病原体反应.

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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery
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Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
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相关实验视频

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Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay
19:05

Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay

Published on: October 30, 2015

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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery
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Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 记忆T细胞对于适应性免疫至关重要,能够迅速保护人免受再感染和癌症.
  • 规范原始CD8+T细胞分化成不同的记忆子集 (TCM和TEM) 的分子机制仍然不完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明CD8+T细胞记忆命运决定的分子基础.
  • 为了研究T细胞受体 (TCR) 信号极性和分裂成中央记忆 (TCM) 和效应器记忆 (TEM) T细胞子集之间的关系.

主要方法:

  • 单细胞转录组与242个小鼠CD8+ TCRαβ克隆类型的TCR测序对A型流感病毒 (IAV) 表位特异.
  • 生物物理测量取决于力量的TCR-pMHC相互作用.
  • 在体内记忆发展研究和结构分析.

主要成果:

  • 显著的TCR子单元参与偏差与记忆命运相关:TCRβ驱动的参与偏好TCM,而TCRα驱动的参与偏好TEM.
  • 双极性克隆类型 (TBP) 显示出平衡的信号传输,更大的扩张和更广泛的交叉反应.
  • 与TCM相关的TCR序列在识别IAV突变方面具有更大的潜力,这表明了补充的交叉反应策略.

结论:

  • TCR的多样性预测了病原体的进化,而不同的TCR信号通路调节了记忆T细胞的命运.
  • 了解这些机制对于开发有效的采用性T细胞免疫疗法具有重要意义.
  • 在原子水平上微调的TCR-连接体相互作用调节机械信号,影响T细胞记忆的发展和功能.