在古代人类混合物中,硬选择性扫除的持久性和损失
Mariana Harris1, Ziyi Mo2,3, Adam Siepel2,3
1Department of Computational Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles California, USA.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|November 24, 2025
概括
人类遗传适应,使用古老DNA上的新型神经网络识别,显示了超过7000年的弹性. 尽管人口发生了变化,但许多硬扫描仍然存在,突出显示了对关键特征的持续选择性压力.
科学领域:
- 人类进化遗传学 人类进化遗传学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
- 计算生物学是一种计算生物学.
背景情况:
- 人类的适应性面临着人口统计事件的侵蚀,如混合物和遗传漂移.
- 由于古代DNA (aDNA) 数据的退化,检测古代选择事件是很困难的.
- 了解弹性适应揭示了人类历史上至关重要的特征.
研究的目的:
- 开发和应用一种新的方法来检测人类基因组中的古代选择事件.
- 为了确定人类遗传基因位置,尽管存在人口挑战,但仍然存在.
- 研究过去7000年人类适应的性质和持续性.
主要方法:
- 利用在模拟数据上训练的域自适应神经网络 (DANN) 进行扫描检测.
- 将DANN应用到超过800个古老和现代人类基因组,跨越7000年.
- 考虑到模拟错误规范,以改善在真实DNA中的扫描检测.
主要成果:
- 恢复了16个已知的扫描 (例如,LCT,HLA,OCA2/HERC2) 并确定了32个新的扫描.
- 将所有检测到的扫描归类为"硬扫描",符合古代人口规模较低.
- 发现了14个扫描,特别是在与神经元,生殖和色素特征相关的基因中,随着时间的推移而持续,其中9个显示一致的高频平分类型.
结论:
- 在古代人类历史上,硬扫描占主导地位.
- 几个古老的选择性事件表现出对混合物和持续的选择性压力的弹性.
- 与关键特征相关的人类适应在主要的人口变化中表现出了显著的持久性.
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