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脊髓细胞类型异质性在脊椎动物进化中的创新.

Yuri Ignatyev1, Stavros Papadopoulos1, Mateja Soretić2

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脊髓细胞类型在发育过程中在脊椎动物中高度保留,但在成年人中却有所不同. 这种进化在背脊髓中创造了一个新的哺乳动物感官集成枢纽.

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科学领域:

  • 比较神经生物学的比较.
  • 进化发展生物学 进化发展生物学
  • 脊髓研究研究脊髓研究

背景情况:

  • 脊椎动物表现出与生态适应相关的各种感觉运动行为.
  • 了解运动控制的进化需要了解跨物种的脊髓电路.
  • 对于哺乳动物,有高分辨率的脊髓地图,但对于非哺乳动物的脊椎动物,这些地图并不存在.

研究的目的:

  • 为了比较脊髓细胞类型,跨越不同的脊椎动物物种,跨越约4.5亿年的进化.
  • 为了识别保存和分离的细胞类型规范程序.
  • 为了研究哺乳动物特有的脊髓适应的进化起源.

主要方法:

  • 对鱼类,青,老鼠和人类脊髓细胞类型的比较分析.
  • 空间转录组学用于绘制脊髓内的细胞类型.
  • 发展和成年阶段的比较.

主要成果:

  • 高度保存的细胞类型规范程序在跨物种的发育过程中创建类似的枢纽神经元类.
  • 成年脊髓细胞类型的组成不同,特别是在激发性神经元亚群中.
  • 特定物种的分歧局限于表面的背脊髓.
  • 变异性神经表达在背脊髓中区分哺乳动物特有的细胞类型.

结论:

  • 脊髓神经元的发育遵循在脊椎动物中保存的进化途径.
  • 表面背脊髓已经演变为一个哺乳动物特有的感官集成中心.
  • 这个背部区域代表了一个"新脊髓",其功能类似于新皮质.