从序列到签名:机器学习揭示了预测ESKAPE病原体中AMR的多规模特征景观
Abhirupa Ghosh1, Evan P Brenner1, Charmie K Vang1,2
1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Health Artificial Intelligence, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|November 24, 2025
概括
抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 是一个日益增长的威胁. 这项研究使用机器学习从基因组数据中预测细菌中的AMR,确定驱动耐药性的关键分子特征,并为公共卫生提供了一种新工具.
科学领域:
- 基因组学和计算生物学
- 传染病与微生物学
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
背景情况:
- 抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 构成了全球重大健康挑战,病原体发展耐药性比发现新药更快.
- 检测AMR的传统方法缓慢且资源密集,需要先进的计算方法来快速预测.
- 基因组测序产生了大量的数据,为机器学习 (ML) 创造了预测AMR表型和机制的机会.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一个全面的多级机器学习 (ML) 方法来预测抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 现型.
- 识别与特定药物或特定药物类AMR相关的分子特征 (基因,蛋白质,域).
- 为在新测序的病原体基因组中提供一种可靠预测AMR的工具,并阐明潜在的耐药性机制.
主要方法:
- 用于ESKAPE病原体的一个子集,利用测序基因组与实验衍生的AMR表型.
- 构建了泛基体,集群序列和提取的蛋白质域,以产生多个尺度的特征.
- 训练后勤回归ML模型来预测AMR并识别相关的分子特征,评估跨尺度,数据类型,药物和地理/时间缺口的性能.
主要成果:
- 在预测AMR表型方面,ML模型实现了高性能,中位数规范的马修斯相关系数为0.89.89.
- 识别了已知和新的AMR相关基因,蛋白质和域,为实验验证提供了候选物.
- 证明了跨地理和时间变化的模型弹性,并成功地发现了多种药物类别的耐药性特征.
结论:
- 开发的多尺度ML方法提供了一种可靠的方法,用于预测细菌病原体中现有的和新兴的AMR.
- 该方法有效地确定了AMR的分子贡献者,有助于理解耐药性机制.
- 该研究提供了一个交互式网络应用程序,用于访问模型和结果,促进进一步的研究和应用,以打击AMR.
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