多巴胺神经生物学,神经认知功能和冲动性的发育变化塑造了青年物质使用轨迹
Ashley C Parr1,2, Amar Ojha2,3, Daniel J Petrie1
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|November 24, 2025
概括
早期青春期大脑多巴胺 (DA) 功能,冲动性和抑制控制的差异预测了不同的物质使用轨迹. 低基底腺组织铁,高冲动性和低控制性与增加物质使用风险有关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 成研究 研究成研究
背景情况:
- 青春期到成年期的过渡涉及神经发育的变化与冒险行为,如物质使用.
- 多巴胺 (DA) 功能和神经认知控制在理论上是相关的,但它们与物质使用的发展相互作用仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究基底腺组织铁 (反映DA神经生理学),冲动性,抑制性控制和物质使用轨迹之间的纵向关系.
- 确定从青春期到成年期的物质使用的不同发展途径.
主要方法:
- 利用了全国青少年和成年人的酒精和神经发育联盟 (NCANDA-A) 队列:807名参与者 (12-22岁) 具有纵向神经成像和行为数据.
- 采用非线性增长混合模型来确定物质使用轨迹.
- 评估基底腺组织铁,冲动性和抑制性控制.
主要成果:
- 确定了四种物质使用轨迹:低,青少年峰值,青少年增加和成人增加.
- 药物使用与高冲动性,低抑制性控制和低基底腺组织铁相关.
- 这些关联在青春期早期特别明显,对于年轻人而言,药物使用模式的峰值.
结论:
- 早期的神经生物学 (DA相关) 和神经认知 (冲动性,控制) 差异形成了不同的青少年物质使用轨迹.
- 青春期代表了一个关键的发展窗口,用于识别和干预物质使用障碍.
- 这些发现支持神经发育敏感的干预措施,以预防和治疗物质使用障碍.
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