一个自我解释的动态风险监测框架,用于预测阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症
Xiaoyang Ruan1, Shuyu Lu1, Sunyang Fu1
1Department of Health Data Science and AI, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, UT Health Houston, Houston, United States.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|November 24, 2025
概括
早期阿尔茨海默氏症和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 的预测可以使用电子健康记录 (EHR). 在诊断前10年,GRU-D-RETAIN提供可解释的风险监测,这对于及时干预至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生物医学信息学 生物医学信息学
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默氏症和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 构成了重大的全球健康挑战,通常在十多年内静静地进展.
- 早期检测至关重要,因为ADRD在症状表现时在很大程度上无法逆转.
- 虽然神经成像有助于预测,但其有限的可访问性需要可扩展的替代方案,如电子健康记录 (EHR).
研究的目的:
- 开发一个使用EHR数据进行早期ADRD预测的时间深度学习模型.
- 为了应对基于EHR的预测中不规则数据,稀疏性和可解释性的挑战.
- 为了实现ADRD的实时,可解释的风险监测.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自UT医生EHR系统的15172例ADRD病例和145443例对照的EHR数据.
- 开发了GRU-D-RETAIN,这是一个时间深度学习架构,将GRU-D归算与RETAIN的注意力机制相结合.
- 使用6倍交叉验证进行训练和验证的模型,将GRU-D-RETAIN与GRU-D,LSTM,Logit静态和Logit动态进行比较.
主要成果:
- GRU-D-RETAIN表现出强的性能,与GRU-D紧密相匹配,随着随访时间的增加,准确性得到改善.
- 在没有数据切断的情况下,模型在8年的随访中实现了0.7的AUROC,优于其他方法.
- 数据的完整性对于预测准确性来说比随访时间更为关键:1年有15%的数据产生了与7.5年有10%的数据相比的性能.
结论:
- 电子健康记录数据可以促进动态ADRD风险监测,在诊断前10年,取决于数据的完整性.
- GRU-D-RETAIN提供实时,可解释的风险评估,帮助临床医生识别高风险患者和关键因素.
- GRU-D-RETAIN框架可适应其他需要使用不规则数据进行动态,可解释的风险预测的条件.
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