奥运空手道中的相对年龄影响:来自东京2020年的证据
Sofia Serafini1,2, Simone Ciaccioni3,4, Gabriele Mascherini5
1Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology
|November 24, 2025
概括
相对年龄效应 (RAE) 在奥林匹克空手道中存在,特别是在女熊手运动员中. 然而,生日优势并不能预测精英级别的奖牌成功.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 体育心理学 体育心理学
- 人才识别 人才识别
背景情况:
- 相对年龄效应 (RAE) 是体育界众所周知的现象,它赋予了选择年早些时候出生的运动员优势.
- 在精英空手道中,尤其是奥林匹克水平上,RAE的证据有限.
- 这项研究调查了2020年东京奥运会的男性和女性空手道的RAE,涉及卡塔和库米特学科.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定在参加2020年东京奥运会的空手道运动员中是否存在RAE.
- 分析性别和竞争学科 (kata与kumite) 之间的RAE差异.
- 评估相对年龄对精英空手道中获得奖牌的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析了81名来自2020年东京奥运会的空手道运动员 (42名男性,39名女性) 的数据.
- 出生日被分为四分位数 (Q1-Q4) 和学期 (S1-S2).
- 使用奇平方测试,赔率比率和二进制后勤回归来评估RAE及其与性能的关系.
主要成果:
- 从统一的出生日分布中观察到总体上有显著的偏差 (p=0.020),Q1出生运动员 (38%) 比Q4出生运动员 (19%) 多.
- 在Kumite (p<0.001) 和女性运动员中 (p=0.019),RAE是明显的,但不是在kata或男性中.
- 相对年龄 (出生学期) 并没有显著预测奖牌成功 (p=0.125).
结论:
- 这项研究提供了在奥林匹克空手道中RAE的第一个证据,特别是在Kumite和女性竞争者中.
- 尽管在选拔中存在RAE,但出生日期优势似乎没有影响奥运级别的奖牌结果.
- 在精英空手道中,技术和战术技能可能会取代相对年龄作为绩效决定因素.
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