在21家医院的多中心样本中进行COVID-19死亡率预测的联合学习
Roberta Moreira Wichmann1, Murilo Afonso Robiati Bigoto2, Alexandre Dias Porto Chiavegatto Filho2
1Brazilian Institute of Education, Development and Research - IDP, Economics Graduate Program, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
PLoS computational biology
|November 24, 2025
概括
联合学习 (FL) 改善了COVID-19死亡率预测,特别是对于患者数据有限的医院. 虽然FL提供了协作优势,但需要仔细监测才能实现可靠的临床部署.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 医疗保健信息学 医疗保健信息学
背景情况:
- 预测COVID-19死亡率对于患者管理至关重要.
- 联合学习 (FL) 为多中心医疗数据分析提供了一种保护隐私的方法.
- 个别医院的数据稀缺性可能会限制预测模型的性能.
研究的目的:
- 评估用于预测COVID-19死亡率的联合学习 (FL) 策略.
- 在多中心环境中评估不同FL架构 (物流回归,多层感知器,随机森林) 的性能增长.
- 调查局部患者数量与FL模型的有效性之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 利用来自巴西21家医院的17022名COVID-19患者的多中心数据集.
- 实现了具有参数聚合 (逻辑回归,多层感知器) 和集合聚合 (随机森林) 的水平FL.
- 使用引导式分析量化性能增益 (ΔAUC) 来确定95%的置信区间.
主要成果:
- 联合学习模型显示了协作效应,平均 ΔAUC 为 +0.0018 (LR), +0.0599 (MLP) 和 +0.0528 (RF).
- 绩效增长与当地患者数量相反相关,显著有利于数据有限的机构.
- 随机森林模型在最小的医院中取得了实质性的收益 (ΔAUC = 0.3682),而MLP在某些地点显示出波动性和性能恶化.
结论:
- 联合学习增强了预测能力,特别是对于数据有限的机构,作为一种促进股权机制.
- 对FL益处的统计确定性因地点而异,需要在临床部署时进行本地验证.
- 持续监测和本地验证对于最大限度地提高并确保FL模型在各种医疗保健环境中的可靠临床应用至关重要.
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