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遗传与狼的遗传纠塑造了现代狗的形状
Audrey T Lin1,2, Regina A Fairbanks2,3, Jose Barba-Montoya1
1Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024.
概括
现代狗具有显著的狼血统,有64.1%的品种和100%的村庄狗携带来自古代混合物的遗传痕迹. 这种狼祖先影响了大小和感官敏度等特征.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物科学动物科学
背景情况:
- 狗 (Canis lupus familiaris) 与人类共同进化为灰狼 (Canis lupus) 在晚期普莱斯托纪.
- 之前的研究表明,罕见的狼到狗的内进,与适应性内进与高海拔生存有关,但广泛的基因流仍然未被检测到.
- 全基因组评估已经低于显著的狗-狼基因流动的检测值.
研究的目的:
- 重新检查和检测狗与狼之间基因流动的证据.
- 为了调查狼祖先在现代狗种群中的程度和影响.
- 为了探索狼侵入狗的适应意义.
主要方法:
- 分析了2693个已发表的狗和狼基因组.
- 应用高度敏感的本地祖先推断.
- 使用核基因,线粒体基因组和Y染色体序列进行类基因组学分析.
主要成果:
- 虽然狗和狼在核层面上分离,但没有核基因树支持狗单一性.
- 单亲标记揭示了混合和交叉的狗和狼群,具有不相称的基因组学拓.
- 64.1%的现代品种狗携带狼血统 (基因组的平均~0.14%) 来自1000代前的混合物.
- 百分之百的分析自由生活的村庄狗 (n=280) 拥有狼的祖先.
- 品种中的狼祖先与尺寸,品种类别和个性等特征相关.
- 在村庄狗中,狼的祖先富含嗅觉受体基因,表明适应感官敏度.
结论:
- 狗狼混合物是塑造现代狗的进化的一个重要因素.
- 狼基因的适应性侵入可能有助于在充满挑战的环境中生存,特别是村庄狗.
- 这项研究揭示了与以前理解的狼狗混合的更深层次和更普遍的历史.
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