在精英奥运越野山地自行车骑行者中创纪录的功率概况:规范值和疲劳效应
José Luis Sánchez-Jiménez1, Alejandro Javaloyes2, Iván Peña-González2
1Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
|November 24, 2025
概括
精英越野山地自行车骑行者由于疲劳而表现出显著的功率下降,特别是在短时间内. 表现最好的人保持更高的功率输出和能源消耗,强调为比赛成功提供平衡的训练.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 精英越野山地自行车 (XCO) 赛车需要高,持续的输出功率.
- 了解因疲劳而导致的性能下降对于优化训练和比赛策略至关重要.
- 在不同的生理状态下,精英XCO骑自行车者缺乏规范性功率数据.
研究的目的:
- 为精英男性XCO骑自行车者建立规范性最大平均功率 (MMP) 值,跨越持续时间 (5s至5min).
- 分析新鲜 (早期比赛) 和疲劳 (比赛后期) 条件之间的MMP差异.
- 为了比较排名最高的 (排名前10) 和排名较低的 (排名前11-140) 精英XCO骑自行车者之间的性能指标.
主要方法:
- 追溯观察性研究分析了693名精英男性XCO种族档案 (2020-2024).
- 最大平均功率 (MMP) 以绝对 (W) 和相对 (W/kg) 计量.
- 骑自行车的人分为前10名和前11-140名;分析了新鲜 (第一圈) 和疲劳 (最后一圈) 状态的数据,控制了能源支出.
主要成果:
- 绝对MMP在新鲜条件下明显高于疲劳状态在所有持续时间 (p < 0.001,ES=1.0).
- 排名前10的骑自行车者表现出明显更高的MMP和更大的能源消耗比前11-140组 (p < 0.001).
- 疲劳导致了显著的MMP下降,特别是在较短的努力中,同时在整个持续时间和条件中观察到性能的一致性.
结论:
- 精英XCO骑自行车者由于疲劳而经历了显著的功率损失,特别是影响了短时间的努力.
- 前十名骑自行车的人拥有优越的功率输出和工作负载能力,这表明需要强大的无氧和有氧健身.
- 训练计划应侧重于减轻疲劳引起的功率下降,提高持续的表现,特别是在比赛的最后一圈.
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