什么让一只狗成为标签学习者:家庭狗 (Canis familiaris) 的标签学习能力背后的个体认知差异
Juliane Kaminski1, Svenja Capitain2, Friederike Kühr3,4
1Centre for comparative & evolutionary Psychology, School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry 1 st Street, Portsmouth, PO12DY, UK. juliane.kaminski@port.ac.uk.
Scientific reports
|November 25, 2025
概括
特殊的标签学习犬体现出卓越的认知能力. 这些狗对新奇和特定的物体表现出更强的兴趣,以及更好的抑制控制,使它们与典型的犬类区别开来.
科学领域:
- 狗的认知能力 狗的认知
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 比较心理学比较心理学
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,只有很少的一群狗表现出标签学习能力,处理众多对象名称.
- 了解这种能力的认知基础对于动物智力的比较研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查标签学习犬与非标签学习犬之间的认知差异.
- 识别特定的认知领域,有助于标签学习狗的卓越表现.
主要方法:
- 一个公民科学方法涉及狗主人在五个国家进行八项认知测试.
- 一组11只学习标签的狗与11只缺乏这种能力的对照狗进行了比较.
- 测试评估了对新型对象的兴趣,目标对象的兴趣和抑制性控制.
主要成果:
- 与对照犬相比,标签学习犬在认知表现上表现出可测量的差异.
- 确定的特定领域包括对新型对象的高度兴趣,对象的集中参与,以及卓越的抑制能力.
- 这些差异提供了一个潜在的解释,为什么标签学习犬的表现优于他们的同类.
结论:
- 狗的高级标签学习能力与独特的认知概况有关.
- 对象兴趣和抑制的个体差异是关键因素.
- 需要对更大样本进行进一步的研究,以确定这些技能是先天的还是随着时间的推移而发展的.
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