肌肉协同和关节协调在意想不到的步行终止期间的年龄和步骤长度相关的变化
Woohyoung Jeon1, Ashley Dalby2, Xuanliang Neil Dong2
1Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA. wjeon@uttyler.edu.
BMC geriatrics
|November 25, 2025
概括
老年人使用近距离肌肉策略,在意外停止时具有更复杂的协同作用,增加了跌倒风险. 康复应该侧重于远程控制,以更好地恢复平衡.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 老年人的跌倒通常发生在步行终止期间,需要快速减速.
- 与年龄相关的力量和协调能力的下降会损害制动,增加跌倒风险.
- 可变的步骤长度,像"大"的步骤,给步行终止带来了更大的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究年龄和步伐长度如何影响肌肉协同复杂性和在意想不到的步行停止期间关节协调.
- 了解老年人使用的神经肌肉策略来维持步行终止期间的稳定性.
- 在制动过程中识别肌肉激活模式和关节机制的年龄相关差异.
主要方法:
- 12名健康的年轻人和12名老年人完成了正常和"大"步骤的停顿.
- 从腿部肌肉,全身动力学和动力力数据收集的表面电肌图 (EMG).
- 分析了肌肉协同作用,关节协调 (FWHM,SD CRP),负面的关节工作和姿势摇摆.
主要成果:
- "大"步骤在两组中都增加了肌肉协同效应的复杂性;老年人使用的协同效应比年轻人更多.
- 年长的成年人与年轻的成年人相比 (膝盖工作) 将制动力转移到近距离 (部工作).
- 老年人表现出更大的关节协调变化和增加的姿势摆动,特别是在"大"步骤.
结论:
- 意想不到的停止揭示了与年龄相关的运动策略的变化,老年人使用近位,多关节的共同收缩策略.
- 这种补偿策略提高了安全性,但增加了代谢成本和姿势摇摆,可能会增加跌倒风险.
- 针对异常四头四和脚控制的康复可以改善平衡恢复,并降低老年人的跌倒风险.
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