基于语音特征检测抑郁症的传统和深度学习方法的诊断准确性:系统性审查和元分析
Wei Lu1, Xiaowei Tang2, Chuan Huang1
1College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
BMC psychiatry
|November 25, 2025
概括
传统的机器学习 (TML) 和深度学习 (DL) 模型显示了使用语音检测抑郁症的高准确性. DL模型提供了一个轻微的优势,建议它们用于二级护理中的确认诊断.
科学领域:
- 计算语言学计算语言学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 抑郁症的诊断是主观的,是延迟的.
- 语音特征为抑郁症提供了潜在的客观生物标志物.
- 缺乏对传统机器学习 (TML) 和深度学习 (DL) 模型进行基于语音的抑郁症检测的系统比较.
研究的目的:
- 评估和比较TML和DL模型的诊断准确性,用于使用语音特征检测抑郁症.
- 检查样本大小,验证策略,语言和诊断标准对诊断绩效的子组影响.
主要方法:
- 在遵循PRISMA指南的9个数据库中进行系统的文献搜索.
- 包括使用基于语音的TML或DL模型评估抑郁症的研究,报告灵敏度,特异性或AUC.
- 随机效应双变模型用于聚合诊断性能,具有异质性,子组和灵敏度分析.
主要成果:
- 25项研究 (9项TML,16项DL) 符合纳入标准.
- TML模型:聚合灵敏度为0.82,特异性为0.83,AUC为0.89.
- DL模型:聚合灵敏度为0.83,特异性为0.86,AUC为0.91.
- 诊断性能因样本大小,验证策略,语言和诊断标准而异.
结论:
- 无论是TML和DL模型都显示出基于语音的抑郁症检测的良好诊断准确性.
- DL模型显示边际但一致的优势,支持它们在二级护理中用于确认诊断.
- 对于初级保健查,TML模型仍然是有价值的.
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