子被扔了:在精神分裂症和酒精使用障碍的风险和模糊性下做出决策
Sarah Stumpp1, Alexander Wolber1, Natascha Büchele1
1Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany.
Clinical psychology & psychotherapy
|November 25, 2025
概括
精神分裂症和酒精使用障碍患者做出更有风险的决策,执行功能受损. 这些决策差异凸显了每个疾病的独特认知特征.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 精神分裂症 (SZ) 和酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 与改变决策 (DM) 和执行功能 (EF) 缺陷有关.
- 这些DM变化的特殊性质和EF损害的作用需要进一步澄清.
研究的目的:
- 在精神分裂症 (SZ),酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 和健康对照 (HC) 患者中直接比较决策 (DM) 和执行功能 (EF).
- 调查EF对DM的影响在这些群体的风险和模糊性下.
主要方法:
- 一项预先注册的研究涉及40个SZ,50个AUD和36个HC.
- 参与者完成了n-back任务 (EF挑战),子游戏任务 (GDT; DM处于危险之中) 和爱荷华州博任务 (IGT; DM处于模糊之中).
主要成果:
- 与HC相比,AUD和SZ两组在n-back任务上表现较差,在GDT上做出更有风险的选择.
- 只有AUD集团在IGT上做出了更有风险的决定,更喜欢不利的选择而不是SZ和HC.
- 人口和智商对照减少了IGT发现的意义,但工作记忆与DM任务的相关性在各组之间有所不同.
结论:
- SZ和AUD两组都在反射系统中表现出缺陷;AUD还在冲动系统中表现出损害.
- 在SZ和AUD之间存在不同的DM配置文件,表明不同的治疗点.
- EF培训可能会使这两组受益,而AUD可能会从冲动控制干预中获益更多.
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