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奶寡糖与母乳的复杂性相美,在哺乳期表现出功能动态

Chunsheng Jin¹, Jon Lundstrøm^2,3, Carmen R Cori⁴

¹Proteomics Core Facility at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Nature communications

|November 25, 2025

概括

大西洋灰海牛奶寡糖在复杂性上与人乳相竞争,提供关键的新生儿健康益处. 这项研究揭示了新的结构和功能,挑战了关于非人类哺乳动物牛奶的假设.

科学领域:

海洋哺乳动物生物学
格莱科米克斯 (Glycomics) 是一个有趣的药物.
营养生物化学营养生物化学

背景情况:

牛奶寡糖对新生儿发育和免疫功能至关重要.
之前的研究主要集中在人类牛奶或养哺乳动物,其牛奶寡糖化合物不那么复杂.
野生哺乳动物的牛奶成分在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究,特别是关于寡糖的多样性.

研究的目的:

在整个哺乳期内对大西洋灰海 (Halichoerus grypus) 的牛奶寡糖化合物进行全面的结构性表征.
为了比较海奶寡糖的复杂性和多样性与人乳的复杂性和多样性.
为了研究已识别的海奶寡糖的功能作用.

主要方法:

用质谱学驱动的牛奶寡糖的结构特征.
对已识别的寡糖类结构进行定量分析.
配对的糖化学和代谢化学时间过程分析.
功能性测试以评估抗生物膜和免疫调节作用.

主要成果:

332种牛奶寡糖的表征和定量,包括166种新型结构.
奶寡糖体的复杂性与人乳相比,自由寡糖体的复杂性高达28个单糖体.
时间过程分析显示,在整个哺乳期内,海奶糖体的协调调节.
鉴定到的海牛奶寡糖体显示出抗生物膜特性和免疫调节功能.

结论:

大西洋灰海的牛奶在其寡糖化合物成分中非常复杂,与人乳相竞争.
这些发现挑战了假设非人类哺乳动物的牛奶不那么复杂的假设.
奶寡糖对新生儿健康具有重要的功能意义,包括免疫调节和病原体耐药性.

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