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益生菌补充剂对认知功能的有效性和安全性:随机临床试验的系统审查和元分析
Nancy Calzada-Gonzales1, Ismael Moreno-Colina2, Linn Chu-Fuentes3
1Escuela Profesional de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizan, Huánuco, Peru.
BMC complementary medicine and therapies
|November 26, 2025
概括
益生菌补充剂可能会增强认知功能,特别是在12周后,但证据仍然不确定. 需要进一步的严格试验来确认这些对大脑健康的潜在益处.
科学领域:
- 神经科学和微生物学
- 人类健康与营养
背景情况:
- 认知能力下降是老年人群日益关注的一个问题.
- 益生菌,有益的微生物,正在越来越多地探索它们的系统性影响,包括对大脑健康的潜在影响.
- 关于益生菌和认知的现有研究是分散的,需要进行全面的综合.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析益生菌补充剂改善成人的认知功能的疗效和安全性.
- 评估益生菌对特定认知测试和整体安全概况的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了随机临床试验 (RCT) 的系统审查和元分析.
- 搜索包括四个医疗数据库,截至2024年8月,重点关注认知结果 (MMSE,MoCA,CFT) 和不良事件.
- 用随机效应模型分析数据,用I2和t2评估异质性,用RoB 2.0.0评估偏差风险. 证据的确定性使用GRADE进行评估.
主要成果:
- 分析了34个带有2390名参与者的RCT.
- 益生菌在12周的MMSE (MD 4.23) 和MoCA (MD 1.21) 中显示出对认知功能的潜在益处,但证据的确定性较低.
- 用益生菌改善了CFT的认知表现 (MD 3.94),也具有较低的确定性.
- 没有观察到不良事件的显著减少 (RR 0.91),证据确定性非常低.
结论:
- 益生菌补充剂可以改善认知功能,特别是在MoCA测试测量的12周后.
- 尽管有潜在的益处,但目前支持益生菌对认知功效的证据高度不确定.
- 进一步的高质量,严格的临床试验对于确定益生菌在认知健康中的最终作用至关重要.
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