足球运动员在生物成熟状态上的敏捷性的决定因素
Ito Hironaga1, Hirayama Kuniaki2, Naito Yuto3
1Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation
|November 26, 2025
概括
生物成熟显著影响青少年足球运动员的敏捷性,反应时间和下肢力量是发展过程中的关键因素. 减少方向变化赤字对于提高灵活性至关重要,因为参与者成熟.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人类运动科学科学 人类运动科学
- 儿科生理学 儿科生理学
背景情况:
- 生物成熟会影响年轻运动员的身体能力和敏捷性.
- 了解这些变化对于优化青少年体育训练和表现至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查生物学成熟如何影响青少年足球运动员在不同发展阶段的敏捷性.
- 在这些成熟阶段确定灵活性的主要决定因素.
主要方法:
- 63名青少年足球运动员被分为前,周围和高峰后高度速度 (PHV) 组.
- 使用反应式穿测试 (RST) 评估敏捷性,测量反应时间和方向变化 (COD) 缺陷.
- 评估了下肢力量 (跳) 和其他相关因素.
主要成果:
- 敏捷性 (RST时间) 从Pre-到Circa-PHV显著改善,这是由反应时间驱动的.
- 在Circa-PHV阶段,式跳跃表现成为敏捷性的关键预测指标.
- 在PHV后阶段,尽管其他物理因素得到了改善,但敏捷性改进停滞不前,COD赤字变得越来越有影响力.
结论:
- 生物成熟对敏捷性的影响在Pre和Circa-PHV阶段之间最为显著,受反应时间和下肢功率的影响.
- 超越Circa-PHV阶段,除了认知和身体能力之外的其他因素可能会影响敏捷性.
- 在成熟过程中尽量减少方向变化缺陷对于最大限度地提高年轻足球运动员的敏捷性发展至关重要.
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