近七十年的沿海鸟类社区在欧洲三大海域的恢复
Carlos Cano-Barbacil1,2, Diana E Bowler3, Gustavo A Ballesteros-Pelegrín4,5
1Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Gelnhausen, Germany.
Global change biology
|November 26, 2025
概括
欧洲海域的沿海鸟类种群在丰富性和多样性方面呈现整体增长,这是由于保护工作的推动. 然而,特定地点的下降表明需要有针对性的保护战略,以确保持续的恢复和稳定.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 鸟类保护生物学 鸟类保护生物学
- 生物多样性科学是生物多样性的科学.
背景情况:
- 海洋生态系统面临着人类活动的历史影响,导致生物多样性丧失.
- 尽管有保护倡议和保护区,但许多海洋物种仍然受到威胁.
- 沿海鸟群是海洋生态系统健康的关键指标.
研究的目的:
- 评估几十年来沿海鸟群的丰富性,分类学和功能多样性的变化.
- 评估保护区对沿海鸟类种群的影响.
- 确定影响欧洲海洋沿海鸟类社区趋势的因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了308个沿海鸟群的时间序列 (1957-2024) 的大规模数据库.
- 分析了丰富,分类丰富,分类多样性,功能丰富和功能均性的趋势.
- 对比了三大欧洲区域海洋的趋势,并评估了保护区的影响.
主要成果:
- 观察到的整体年增长:分类丰富 (1.7%),分类多样性 (1.4%),丰富 (2.7%),功能丰富 (4.1%) 和功能均 (0.7%).
- 恢复模式因地区而异 (例如,西地中海1970-2000年,波罗的海1995年以来).
- 报告指出,丰富性 (4.5%),多样性 (5.2%) 和丰富性 (13.3%) 显著下降,同时严格保护区的积极影响.
结论:
- 沿海鸟类群体显示出恢复的迹象,但趋势在空间上是可变的,需要本地化保护方法.
- 保护区是有益的,但它们的有效性受到正式保护地位之外的因素的影响.
- 持续和适应性保护行动对于维持海鸟种群恢复和稳定在持续的人为压力下至关重要.
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