脑脊液蛋白质学和机器学习揭示了阿尔茨海默氏病连续体中的不同阶段
Saima Rathore1,2, Eric B Dammer3,4, Anantharaman Shantaraman3,4
1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|November 26, 2025
概括
这项研究使用脑脊液蛋白质组学来识别阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 进展的蛋白质特征. 机器学习模型准确区分疾病阶段和估计的病理负担,优于当前的生物标志物.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 蛋白质组学是指蛋白质组学.
- 生物标志物发现发现
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 涉及复杂的,早期的病理生理变化,目前的生物标志物如Aβ和pTau无法完全捕捉到.
- 现有的诊断和治疗方法受到AD分子异质性不完全理解的限制.
- 高分辨率大脑脊髓液 (CSF) 蛋白质组学提供了对AD病变发生的更深入的洞察.
研究的目的:
- 识别与阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 发病和进展相关的CSF中的新型蛋白质特征.
- 开发机器学习模型,以准确地确定AD的阶段和估计病理负担.
- 在AD连续体中发现特定阶段的分子事件和途径.
主要方法:
- 从1104名ADNI参与者中,在CSF中量化了2,492种蛋白质,使用了协同质量标签质谱法 (TMT-MS).
- 分析了无症状AD,MCI (由于AD) 和AD痴呆症阶段的蛋白质丰度变化.
- 开发了用于疾病阶段分类和病理负担估计的机器学习模型 (Aβ-PET,tau-PET).
主要成果:
- 在AD连续体中确定了92种不同丰富的蛋白质,揭示了特定阶段的途径变化.
- 在MCI (由于AD) 和AD痴呆症中观察到上调的神经信号传递,G蛋白合受体和突触重塑.
- 机器学习模型在区分疾病阶段 (无症状与MCI的AUC=0.92,MCI与痴呆症的AUC=0.87) 和估计病理负担方面取得了高准确性.
结论:
- 脑脊液的蛋白质特征反映了阿尔茨海默病的渐进性质,从早期途径中断到后来的神经元退化.
- 新型蛋白质面板和机器学习模型显示出改善AD诊断,分期和患者分层的前景.
- 这些发现支持AD的连续模型,并为开发特定阶段的治疗策略提供了基础.
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