预测阿尔茨海默病的诊断,在发病前十年或更长时间使用电子健康记录和随机森林机器学习模型
Sanya B Taneja1, Richard D Boyce1,2, Scott A Malec3
1Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, 6127 Sennott Square 210 South Bouquet Street Pittsburgh, PA 15260.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|November 26, 2025
概括
使用电子健康记录的机器学习模型可以在阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 发病前10年预测阿尔茨海默病. 这种早期预测可能使得阿尔茨海默病的及时干预成为可能.
科学领域:
- 计算神经科学是一种计算神经科学.
- 医疗信息学医学信息学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 早期发现阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 对于干预至关重要.
- 电子健康记录 (EHR) 为预测AD提供了一个潜在的数据源.
- 机器学习 (ML) 方法可以分析复杂的EHR数据进行预测建模.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证基于EHR的机器学习模型,用于预测阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 发病.
- 为了确定在诊断前长达10年的AD风险,EHR的关键预测特征.
- 建立一个用于早期AD检测和潜在干预的新工具.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自EHR的19,473个AD病例和111,922个对照的大量数据集.
- 训练了一种随机森林模型,使用来自10年前诊断记录的2,499个特征.
- 雇佣了5倍的交叉验证和75/25%的训练/测试分割用于模型评估.
主要成果:
- 该模型实现了0.80的ROC曲线下的面积 (AUC),表明了良好的预测性能.
- 确定的关键预测因素包括年龄,性别,种族,种族,BMI以及诸如心血管和炎症性疾病等并发症.
- 其他重要因素包括睡眠和情绪障碍,创伤,和特定药物/疾病.
结论:
- 这项研究提出了第一个基于EHR的模型,能够在临床发病前10年预测阿尔茨海默病 (AD).
- 该模型展示了利用例行收集的EHR数据用于早期AD风险评估的潜力.
- 这些发现可以为阿尔茨海默病的预防策略和早期干预计划的开发提供信息.
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