用于无人机地理位置的图像匹配:经典和深度学习方法
Fatih Baykal1, Mehmet İrfan Gedik2, Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro3
1Department of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology and Operator, Vocational School of Higher Education, OSTIM Technical University, 06374 Ankara, Türkiye.
Journal of imaging
|November 26, 2025
概括
无人机现在可以在没有全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 的情况下使用基于图像的地理定位系统进行导航. 这种方法将空中图像与卫星地图相匹配,即使在GNSS信号失效时,也可确保可靠的定位.
科学领域:
- 计算机视觉 计算机视觉
- 机器人技术 机器人技术 机器人技术
- 地理空间智能是什么?
背景情况:
- 无人驾驶飞行器 (UAV) 在导航方面严重依赖全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS).
- GNSS信号容易受到干扰和伪造,造成重大安全风险.
- 这一漏洞影响军事行动和关键的民用任务,需要可靠的定位.
研究的目的:
- 开发基于图像的地理定位系统,以消除无人机对GNSS的依赖.
- 为了在GNSS信号受损或不可用的环境中实现可靠的无人机定位.
- 加强无人机的安全和运营能力.
主要方法:
- 通过将空中图像与地理参考卫星图像相匹配,估计无人机的地理位置.
- 利用常见的视觉特征和基于同谱矩阵的方法进行图像匹配.
- 将传统的特征检测算法 (SIFT,AKAZE,多模板匹配) 与深度学习方法 (SuperPoint,SuperGlue,LoFTR) 的比较.
主要成果:
- 通过图像处理,在无人机位置和地理坐标之间建立了强大的关系.
- 证明可靠的定位能力,即使GNSS信号无法使用.
- 基于深度学习的方法显示成功匹配特征,特别有效在高海拔地区.
结论:
- 基于图像的地理定位系统为无人机导航提供了一个可行的GNSS替代方案.
- 开发的系统增强了无人机的安全性和对GNSS威胁的运营弹性.
- 先进的深度学习技术显示出高空无人机定位使用视觉数据的前景.
相关概念视频
01:30Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device
374
Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
374
01:28Field Application of Global Positioning System
296
The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
296
01:30Types of Global Positioning System Surveys
330
GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
330
01:25Methods of Obtaining Topography
269
Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
269