关于墨西哥麻疹,疹和风疹疫苗接种的19年的证据:程序性教训和政策影响
Rodrigo Romero-Feregrino1,2,3, Raul Romero-Feregrino1,2,4, Raul Romero-Cabello1,2,5,6
1Asociación Mexicana de Vacunología, Mexico City 06760, Mexico.
Vaccines
|November 26, 2025
概括
墨西哥 墨西哥 墨西哥 墨西哥
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 麻疹疫苗于1971年在墨西哥引入;最后一次特有传播是在1995年.
- 1998年,单价麻疹疫苗被麻疹--红疹 (MMR) 取代.
- MMR 疫苗接种计划:每 12 个月接种两剂,每 18 个月接种两剂,每 6 年接种两剂.
研究的目的:
- 评估墨西哥麻疹-疹-红疹 (MMR) 和麻疹-红疹 (MR) 疫苗接种计划的表现.
- 分析2006-2024年主要卫生机构 (IMSS,ISSSTE,SSA) 疫苗覆盖率和数据一致性的趋势.
- 确定影响疫苗接种计划有效性和人口免疫力的系统性挑战.
主要方法:
- 对2006年至2024年的二次数据进行了回顾性分析.
- 审查来自IMSS,ISSSTE和SSA的疫苗采购和管理记录.
- 与采购目标和国家/国际数据 (世卫组织,ENSANUT) 进行剂量比较.
主要成果:
- 在MMR疫苗采购和管理之间存在显著的不一致性,在2006-2024年期间,MMR疫苗的缺口为2250万剂 (目标的25%).
- 低于最佳的国家MMR覆盖率,具有相当大的年对年和机构间的变化.
- 与世卫组织和ENSANUT数据有明显的差异;2025年麻疹爆发和高乳头麻疹发病率表明免疫力存在显著差距.
结论:
- 墨西哥MMR疫苗接种计划的系统性挑战包括采购管理不匹配,过度估计的覆盖率和不清楚的MR目标.
- 2025年麻疹复发和高发病率证实了免疫缺口,突出了错过的疫苗接种机会.
- 建议包括改进规划,协调覆盖率估计,强有力的监测和优先考虑MMR追赶活动.
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