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相关概念视频

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

7.8K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

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DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

20.5K
The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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PGDD 2.0:植物基因组复制数据库,更新了内容和工具.

Ankush Sharma1,2, John E Bowers1,2, Tae-Ho Lee3

  • 1Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.

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概括

通过整合120多个端粒对端粒基因组组合,PGDD 2.0增强了植物比较基因组学. 这个更新的数据库有助于高精度地理解植物基因组进化,多重化和基因重复事件.

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科学领域:

  • 植物基因组学 植物基因组学
  • 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
  • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.

背景情况:

  • 多重积分和基因重复是植物基因组进化的主要驱动因素.
  • 合成和线性对于植物的进化推断至关重要.
  • 植物基因组复制数据库 (PGDD) 之前的版本提供了宝贵的资源.

研究的目的:

  • 引入PGDD 2.0,一个显著更新的植物基因组复制数据库.
  • 为植物比较基因组学提供全面的资源,使用端粒对端粒组合.
  • 开发用于可视化和分析合成和基因组演化的新工具.

主要方法:

  • 120多个完整的端粒对端粒 (T2T) 植物基因组组合的聚合.
  • 标准化生物信息管道用于调用合成块和估计重复时间 (Ks).
  • 开发交互式合成网络,沿海对齐视图和嵌入式 SynVisio 模块.

主要成果:

  • 现在PGDD 2.0包括了120个T2T组合,跨越主要的Viridiplantae系.
  • 新的可视化工具可以对中联和重排进行详细的分析.
  • 该数据库支持精确追踪基因家族进化后重复的基因家族进化.

结论:

  • PGDD 2.0是一个以用户为中心的平台,加速了植物多体化和基因组进化的发现.
  • 该数据库有助于对古代全基因组复制事件进行高分辨率分析.
  • 这些进展支持对基因重复命运和进化轨迹的详细调查.