固定的微生物在不同类型的生活环境中获得基因
Hong-Wei Pi1,2, Chun-Ping Yu3, Ya-Fei Chen1
1Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
概括
生物固化 (BNF) 是能源密集的,但细菌和古生物通过获得辅助基因而繁荣. 这些非固性 (non-nif) 基因有助于管理高能源成本,使固性生物能够扩展到不同的环境中.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 生物固定 (BNF) 对于生命至关重要,它将大气中的转化为氨.
- 酶,催化BNF的酶复合物,是高度能源密集型 (每反应16个ATP) 和氧敏感.
- 固定的细菌和古生物居住在不同的环境中,在BNF的高成本方面呈现出一种进化悖论.
研究的目的:
- 调查固生物体获得非nif基因以抵消BNF的能量成本的假设.
- 了解与细菌和古生物中的BNF相关的基因组适应.
主要方法:
- 分析了3500多种固定的细菌和古生物基因组.
- 进行比较基因组学,以识别与非固定亲属相比,固定物种获得的基因.
- 对基因位置的检查,特别是非nif基因与nif基因集群的接近程度.
主要成果:
- 固定的物种拥有与BNF直接或间接相关的基因明显多于非固定亲属,从而产生更大的基因组.
- 获得的非nif基因经常位于nif基因集群附近,这表明协调调节和功能协同作用.
- 参与营养吸收和新陈代谢的ABC载体基因是最常获得的非基因之一,并且经常在集群附近发现.
结论:
- 获取非nif基因是固生物的一个关键进化策略,以减轻BNF的高能量需求.
- 基因近距离效应,如非nif和nif基因的同位点,可能会提高BNF的效率和调节.
- 这种基因组适应促进了固微生物对各种息地的成功殖民,有利于全球循环和生物圈生产力.
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