非洲B型肝炎疫苗接种范围的地理差异:针对性干预和2030年目标的影响
Jianping Yu1, Xinyue Chen1, Hangyu Li1
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China; Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modeling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Journal of hepatology
|November 26, 2025
概括
非洲B型肝炎疫苗第三剂量 (HepB3) 覆盖率显示进展缓慢,差距显著,威胁到2030年目标. 精确的测绘对于有针对性的免疫策略来实现消除目标至关重要.
科学领域:
- * * 公共卫生 公共卫生
- * 流行病学 流行病学
- * 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- *乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染是非洲肝脏疾病的主要原因.
- * 实现世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的目标,即到2030年实现90%以上的第三剂 (HepB3) 疫苗接种覆盖率,需要详细的分国家级数据.
- *目前的疫苗接种数据缺乏有效干预所需的细节性.
研究的目的:
- *以精细的空间尺度在非洲绘制HepB疫苗接种覆盖率和脱学率的地图.
- * 预测到2030年HepB3疫苗接种覆盖率趋势.
- * 确定有重大疫苗接种缺口的地区进行有针对性的干预.
主要方法:
- *分析了来自51个非洲国家的89个全国代表性家庭调查 (2010-2022) 的245,168份儿童疫苗接种记录.
- * 应用贝叶斯地缘统计模型来生成5×5公里分辨率估计的HepB第一剂 (HepB1) 和HepB3覆盖率和脱学率.
- *利用时空图卷积网络来预测HepB3覆盖轨迹到2030年.
主要成果:
- * 大陆型肝炎B3覆盖率略有增加,从2010年的68.06%增加到2022年的69.42%,空间不平等很大.
- *在萨赫勒地区,刚果民主共和国,安哥拉和莫桑比克北部等地区,覆盖率低 (<40%).
- * 在马里,得和肯尼亚东北部的部分地区,相对学率有所下降,但仍然很高 (>25%).
- * 预测显示,到2030年,平均HepB3覆盖率将达到76.89%,许多行政单位未能达到90%的目标.
结论:
- * 缓慢的进展和在HepB3吸收方面日益增长的地方不平等,危及非洲的HBV消除努力.
- * 疫苗接种覆盖率和脱学率的高分辨率地图对于指导精确的免疫战略至关重要.
- *需要有针对性的干预措施来解决持续存在的差距,并加快朝着2030年世卫组织目标的进展.
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