可解释的机器学习和集合模型用于预测自强化混凝土的新特性
Maaz Khan1, Muhammad Faisal Javed1,2, Hisham Alabduljabbar3
1Department of Civil Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan.
Scientific reports
|November 26, 2025
概括
机器学习模型准确地预测了自凝固混凝土 (SCC) 的特性,减少了昂贵的实验测试. 基因表达编程 (GEP) 和深度神经网络 (DNN) 显示了高精度的低潮流和V道时间预测.
科学领域:
- 土木工程 土木工程是指土木工程.
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 计算科学 计算科学
背景情况:
- 准确预测新鲜自凝固混凝土 (SCC) 性能对于建筑效率和性能至关重要.
- 测试SCC的传统实验方法耗时,昂贵,容易出现错误.
- 开发可靠的预测模型可以简化混凝土混合设计和应用.
研究的目的:
- 开发和比较机器学习 (ML) 模型,用于预测SCC新鲜特性 (slump flow和V道时间).
- 评估基因表达编程 (GEP),深度神经网络 (DNN),决策树 (DT),支持矢量机器 (SVM) 和随机森林 (RF) 的预测精度.
- 使用SHAP和PDP增强模型解释性,以了解混合设计变量影响.
主要方法:
- 从176项研究中整理了348个SCC混合设计的综合数据集.
- 培训和测试了五种ML模型 (GEP,DNN,DT,SVM,RF) (85%的培训,15%的测试).
- 为了模型的解释性,使用了沙普利增量解释 (SHAP) 和部分依赖图 (PDP).
主要成果:
- GEP和DNN模型显示出最高的预测准确性.
- 对于V道时间,GEP实现了高达0.957的R2值,对于流量,达到0.915的R2.
- DNN实现了高达0.950的V道时间和0.911的slump流量的R2值.
结论:
- 先进的ML模型,特别是GEP和DNN,可以可靠地预测SCC的新鲜特性.
- 这些ML方法为广泛的实验室测试提供了可行的替代方案,减少了时间和成本.
- 这些发现支持对当代建筑中SCC混合设计的数据驱动优化.
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