通过使用大型语言模型,改善法国电子健康记录中健康文档的社会决定因素
Adrien Bazoge1,2, Pacôme Constant Dit Beaufils3,4,5, Mohammed Hmitouch3,6
1Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 11: Santé Publique, Clinique des données, INSERM, CIC 1413, 44000, Nantes, France. adrien.bazoge@univ-nantes.fr.
Scientific reports
|November 26, 2025
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 可以从法语临床笔记中提取健康的社会决定因素 (SDoH),显著提高电子健康记录 (EHR) 中的文档完整性. 这种NLP方法比传统编码方法识别更多的SDoH数据.
科学领域:
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 是一种自然语言处理.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 健康的社会决定因素 (SDoH)
背景情况:
- 健康的社会决定因素 (SDoH) 对于理解健康结果至关重要,但在电子健康记录 (EHR) 中通常记录不良.
- 电子健康记录中不完整的SDoH数据可能导致健康差异,并妨碍有效的患者护理.
- 目前用于在EHR中记录SDoH的方法不足,需要先进的数据提取技术.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一种大型语言模型 (LLM) 方法,用于从法国临床笔记中提取13个SDoH类别.
- 评估模型在识别SDoH类别,值和详细信息 (时间,定量) 的表现.
- 将LLM的SDoH数据提取能力与现有的结构化EHR数据 (ICD-10代码) 进行比较.
主要方法:
- 培训Flan-T5-Large LLM在法语临床笔记中的注释社会历史部分.
- 在四个数据集上评估模型,包括两个新发布的开放访问资源.
- 基于SDoH类别识别,价值提取和详细信息检索来评估业绩.
主要成果:
- 该LLM在生活条件,婚姻状况和物质使用等记录良好的SDoH类别中取得了高绩效 (F1分数>0.80).
- 对于数据较少或表达方式多样化的类别,如就业状况和教育,表现不同.
- 该LLM确定了95.8%的SDoH患者,与ICD-10代码识别的2.8%相比有显著的改善.
结论:
- 在非英语EHR系统中,LLM提供了一种有效的解决方案,以提高SDoH数据的完整性.
- 开发的NLP方法显著优于SDoH提取的传统编码方法.
- 进一步的研究应该解决注释一致性和标记器限制,以便在SDoH研究中实现更广泛的LLM概括性.
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